[SRC-TURING-1950]
Turing, Alan M. 1950. “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” Mind 59 (236): 433–460. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433. Primary source.
- Book key
- Turing 1950
- Cited in
- Note 1
2050 · English edition
Searchable Bibliography
108 documentary sources with stable codes, source qualification, and active links.
108 sources shown
Search by author, title, stable code, Book key, or note number. Enter Note 1 (or 1) to find only sources cited in that exact book endnote. The Cited in field uses the V51.2 book note numbers; resource-only entries are identified separately.
History of Artificial Intelligence and Networks
[SRC-DARTMOUTH-1955]
McCarthy, John, Marvin L. Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude E. Shannon. 2006. “A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, August 31, 1955.” AI Magazine 27 (4): 12–14. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v27i4.1904. Original proposal dated August 31, 1955; excerpt republished in 2006. Primary historical source; the book cites the 2006 reprint. Original proposal archive: https://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/dartmouth/dartmouth.pdf.
- Book key
- McCarthy et al. 2006
- Cited in
- Note 1
[SRC-ROSENBLATT-1958]
Rosenblatt, Frank. 1958. “The Perceptron: A Probabilistic Model for Information Storage and Organization in the Brain.” Psychological Review 65 (6): 386–408. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0042519. Primary source.
- Book key
- Rosenblatt 1958
- Cited in
- Note 4
[SRC-MINSKY-PAPERT-1969]
Minsky, Marvin, and Seymour A. Papert. 1987. Perceptrons: An Introduction to Computational Geometry. Expanded ed. MIT Press. First published 1969. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262631112/perceptrons/. Primary source; the publisher’s page refers to the expanded edition.
- Book key
- Minsky and Papert 1987
- Cited in
- Note 4
[SRC-RHW-1986]
Rumelhart, David E., Geoffrey E. Hinton, and Ronald J. Williams. 1986. “Learning Representations by Back-Propagating Errors.” Nature 323 (6088): 533–536. https://doi.org/10.1038/323533a0. Primary source.
- Book key
- Rumelhart, Hinton, and Williams 1986
- Cited in
- Note 4
[SRC-IBM-DEEPBLUE]
IBM. n.d. “Deep Blue.” https://www.ibm.com/history/deep-blue. Official corporate archive. Accessed: 2026. Historical milestone: 1997.
- Book key
- Not in Documentary Bibliography
- Cited in
- Body, Ch. 1
[SRC-ALEXNET-2012]
Krizhevsky, Alex, Ilya Sutskever, and Geoffrey E. Hinton. 2012. “ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 25. https://papers.nips.cc/paper_files/paper/2012/hash/c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b-Abstract.html. Primary source. Additional resource links: https://papers.nips.cc/paper/4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks.
- Book key
- Krizhevsky, Sutskever, and Hinton 2012
- Cited in
- Note 5
[SRC-TRANSFORMER-2017]
Vaswani, Ashish, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017. “Attention Is All You Need.” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30. https://papers.nips.cc/paper_files/paper/2017/hash/3f5ee243547dee91fbd053c1c4a845aa-Abstract.html. Primary source. Additional resource links: https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762.
- Book key
- Vaswani et al. 2017
- Cited in
- Note 5
[SRC-ELIZA-1966]
Weizenbaum, Joseph. 1966. “ELIZA, a Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication between Man and Machine.” Communications of the ACM 9 (1): 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1145/365153.365168. Primary source.
- Book key
- Weizenbaum 1966
- Cited in
- Note 2
[SRC-OPENAI-CHATGPT]
OpenAI. 2022. “Introducing ChatGPT.” November 30, 2022. https://openai.com/index/chatgpt/. Official corporate announcement.
- Book key
- OpenAI 2022
- Cited in
- Note 6
[SRC-DARPA-ARPANET-1969]
DARPA. n.d. “ARPANET.” https://www.darpa.mil/news/features/arpanet. Official institutional archive. Accessed: 2026. Historical milestone: 1969.
- Book key
- Not in Documentary Bibliography
- Cited in
- Not cited, timeline
[SRC-ISOC-TCPIP-1983]
Internet Society. 2013. “New Year’s Day Marks 30th Anniversary of Major Milestone for Global Internet.” January 1, 2013. https://www.internetsociety.org/news/press-releases/2013/new-years-day-marks-30th-anniversary-of-major-milestone-for-global-internet/. Institutional documentation.
- Book key
- Not in Documentary Bibliography
- Cited in
- Not cited, timeline
[SRC-CERN-WEB-HISTORY]
CERN. n.d. “A Short History of the Web.” https://home.cern/science/computing/the-birth-of-the-web/short-history-web/. Official institutional archive. Accessed: 2026.
- Book key
- Not in Documentary Bibliography
- Cited in
- Not cited, timeline
[SRC-CERN-WEB-1991]
CERN. 2013. “The Open Internet and the Web.” April 30, 2013. https://home.cern/open-internet-and-web/. Official documentation.
- Book key
- Not in Documentary Bibliography
- Cited in
- Not cited, timeline
[SRC-HOWE-AIHISTORY07]
Howe, Jim. 2007. “Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University: A Perspective.” June 2007. School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh. https://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/about/AIhistory.html. Institutional historical account.
- Book key
- Howe 2007
- Cited in
- Note 3
[SRC-MCDERMOTT-AIWINTER85]
McDermott, Drew, M. Mitchell Waldrop, B. Chandrasekaran, John McDermott, and Roger Schank. 1985. “The Dark Ages of AI: A Panel Discussion at AAAI-84.” AI Magazine 6 (3): 122–134. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v6i3.494. Primary historical source, a published panel discussion.
- Book key
- McDermott et al. 1985
- Cited in
- Note 3
[SRC-TURPIN-EXPLANATIONS23]
Turpin, Miles, Julian Michael, Ethan Perez, and Samuel R. Bowman. 2023. “Language Models Don’t Always Say What They Think: Unfaithful Explanations in Chain-of-Thought Prompting.” NeurIPS 2023 conference paper, author manuscript, arXiv:2305.04388v2. https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.04388v2. Conference research paper and author manuscript; findings concern the tested models and prompts.
- Book key
- Turpin et al. 2023
- Cited in
- Note 7
Digital Identity, Credentials, and Standards
[SRC-W3C-VC20]
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Verifiable Credentials Working Group. 2025c. Verifiable Credentials Data Model v2.0. W3C Recommendation, May 15, 2025. https://www.w3.org/TR/2025/REC-vc-data-model-2.0-20250515/. W3C Recommendation. Additional resource links: https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-model-2.0/.
- Book key
- W3C 2025c
- Cited in
- Notes 8, 10, 11
[SRC-W3C-DI]
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Verifiable Credentials Working Group. 2025b. Verifiable Credential Data Integrity 1.0. W3C Recommendation, May 15, 2025. https://www.w3.org/TR/2025/REC-vc-data-integrity-20250515/. W3C Recommendation. Additional resource links: https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-integrity/.
- Book key
- W3C 2025b
- Cited in
- Note 8
[SRC-W3C-JOSE]
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Verifiable Credentials Working Group. 2025a. Securing Verifiable Credentials Using JOSE and COSE. W3C Recommendation, May 15, 2025. https://www.w3.org/TR/2025/REC-vc-jose-cose-20250515/. W3C Recommendation. Additional resource links: https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-jose-cose/.
- Book key
- W3C 2025a
- Cited in
- Note 8
[SRC-OID4VCI]
OpenID Foundation, Digital Credentials Protocols Working Group. 2025a. OpenID for Verifiable Credential Issuance 1.0. Final specification, September 16, 2025. https://openid.net/specs/openid-4-verifiable-credential-issuance-1_0.html. Final Specification.
- Book key
- OpenID Foundation 2025a
- Cited in
- Note 8
[SRC-OID4VP]
OpenID Foundation, Digital Credentials Protocols Working Group. 2025b. OpenID for Verifiable Presentations 1.0. Final specification, July 9, 2025. https://openid.net/specs/openid-4-verifiable-presentations-1_0.html. Final Specification.
- Book key
- OpenID Foundation 2025b
- Cited in
- Note 8
[SRC-NIST-ID4]
Temoshok, David, Diana Proud-Madruga, Yee-Yin Choong, Ryan Galluzzo, Sarbari Gupta, Connie LaSalle, Naomi Lefkovitz, and Andrew Regenscheid. 2025. Digital Identity Guidelines. NIST Special Publication 800-63-4. National Institute of Standards and Technology. July 2025. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-63-4. Final technical standard.
- Book key
- Temoshok et al. 2025
- Cited in
- Notes 9, 13
[SRC-NIST-8202]
Yaga, Dylan, Peter Mell, Nik Roby, and Karen Scarfone. 2018. Blockchain Technology Overview. NIST Interagency/Internal Report 8202. National Institute of Standards and Technology. October 2018. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8202. Official technical report.
- Book key
- Yaga et al. 2018
- Cited in
- Note 12
[SRC-BURRELL-OPACITY16]
Burrell, Jenna. 2016. “How the Machine ‘Thinks’: Understanding Opacity in Machine Learning Algorithms.” Big Data & Society 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951715622512. Peer-reviewed sociotechnical analysis of algorithmic opacity.
- Book key
- Burrell 2016
- Cited in
- Note 24
[SRC-C2PA-EXPLAINER22]
Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (C2PA). n.d. C2PA and Content Credentials Explainer. Version 2.2. https://spec.c2pa.org/specifications/specifications/2.2/explainer/Explainer.html. Technical explainer, version 2.2; provenance verification is not a truth judgment.
- Book key
- C2PA n.d.
- Cited in
- Note 27
[SRC-NIST-AIRMF23]
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). 2023a. Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0). January 2023. NIST AI 100-1. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AI.100-1. Official voluntary risk-management framework; does not validate or endorse the author’s 2050 Test.
- Book key
- NIST 2023a
- Cited in
- Note 17
[SRC-PARASURAMAN-AUTOMATION97]
Parasuraman, Raja, and Victor Riley. 1997. “Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse.” Human Factors 39 (2): 230–253. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872097778543886. Peer-reviewed human-factors analysis of automation use and misuse.
- Book key
- Parasuraman and Riley 1997
- Cited in
- Note 23
[SRC-NIST-BIAS22]
Schwartz, Reva, Apostol Vassilev, Kristen Greene, Lori Perine, Andrew Burt, and Patrick Hall. 2022. Towards a Standard for Identifying and Managing Bias in Artificial Intelligence. NIST Special Publication 1270. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Corrected March 24, 2022. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270. Official technical report on systemic, statistical, and human sources of bias.
- Book key
- Schwartz et al. 2022
- Cited in
- Note 34
[SRC-ISOIEC-42001-2023]
International Organization for Standardization and International Electrotechnical Commission. 2023. Information Technology: Artificial Intelligence, Management System. ISO/IEC 42001:2023. https://www.iso.org/standard/42001. International management system standard.
- Book key
- International Organization for Standardization and International Electrotechnical Commission 2023
- Cited in
- Note 17
Health, Society, Education, Work, and Development
[SRC-WHO-AI-HEALTH21]
World Health Organization (WHO). 2021. Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health: WHO Guidance. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240029200. Institutional guidance.
- Book key
- WHO 2021
- Cited in
- Note 25
[SRC-WHO-AI-REG23]
World Health Organization (WHO). 2023. Regulatory Considerations on Artificial Intelligence for Health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240078871. Institutional overview of regulatory considerations, explicitly not guidance, a regulatory framework, or policy.
- Book key
- WHO 2023
- Cited in
- Note 25
[SRC-WHO-LMM24-25]
World Health Organization (WHO). 2024. Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health: Guidance on Large Multi-Modal Models. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240084759. WHO edition and bibliographic citation: 2024; current institutional page dated 2025-03-25. Additional resource links: https://www.who.int/publications/b/70584.
- Book key
- WHO 2024
- Cited in
- Note 25
[SRC-WHO-AI-EU26]
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for Europe. 2026. Artificial Intelligence Is Reshaping Health Systems: State of Readiness across the European Union. WHO/EURO:2026-12707-52481-81471. https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2026-12707-52481-81471. Institutional report on the preparedness of health systems in the 27 EU Member States; not clinical evidence of efficacy. WHO/EURO:2026-12707-52481-81471.
- Book key
- WHO Regional Office for Europe 2026
- Cited in
- Note 25
[SRC-WHO-AI-POLICY26]
World Health Organization (WHO). 2026. Artificial Intelligence and Evidence-Informed Policy: Emerging Challenges and Opportunities: Discussion Paper. B09667. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/B09667. Institutional technical paper; calls for oversight, impact assessments, and human judgment.
- Book key
- WHO 2026
- Cited in
- Note 25
[SRC-MDCG-MDSW25]
Medical Device Coordination Group (MDCG). 2025. Guidance on Qualification and Classification of Software in Regulation (EU) 2017/745, MDR, and Regulation (EU) 2017/746, IVDR. June 17, 2025. MDCG 2019-11 rev.1. https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/b45335c5-1679-4c71-a91c-fc7a4d37f12b_en. Official European Commission guidance, not a legislative act.
- Book key
- MDCG 2025
- Cited in
- Note 25
[SRC-MDCG-AIA25]
Artificial Intelligence Board (AIB) and Medical Device Coordination Group (MDCG). 2025. Interplay between the Medical Devices Regulation, the In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation and the Artificial Intelligence Act. AIB 2025-1; MDCG 2025-6. https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/b78a17d7-e3cd-4943-851d-e02a2f22bbb4_en. Official joint guidance, not a legislative act.
- Book key
- AIB and MDCG 2025
- Cited in
- Note 25
[SRC-WHO-ADOLESCENT25]
World Health Organization (WHO). 2025b. “Mental Health of Adolescents.” September 1, 2025. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health. Institutional fact sheet.
- Book key
- WHO 2025b
- Cited in
- Note 32
[SRC-WHO-CONNECTION25]
World Health Organization (WHO). 2025a. From Loneliness to Social Connection: Charting a Path to Healthier Societies. Report of the WHO Commission on Social Connection. https://www.who.int/groups/commission-on-social-connection/report. Institutional report.
- Book key
- WHO 2025a
- Cited in
- Note 32
[SRC-UNICEF-AI-CHILD25]
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Innocenti. 2025. Guidance on AI and Children. Version 3.0. https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/reports/policy-guidance-ai-children. Institutional guidance grounded in children’s rights.
- Book key
- UNICEF Innocenti 2025
- Cited in
- Note 32
[SRC-UNICEF-COMPANIONS26]
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2026. When AI Becomes a Friend: Child Rights Risks, Harms, and Regulatory Responses to AI Chatbots and Companions. June 2026. Policy brief. https://www.unicef.org/documents/when-ai-becomes-friend-child-rights-risks. Policy brief; regulatory review updated through 2026-05-15, not clinical evidence.
- Book key
- UNICEF 2026
- Cited in
- Note 32
[SRC-FTC-COMPANIONS25]
U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). 2025. “FTC Launches Inquiry into AI Chatbots Acting as Companions.” September 2025. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/09/ftc-launches-inquiry-ai-chatbots-acting-companions. Regulatory inquiry, not a clinical finding.
- Book key
- FTC 2025
- Cited in
- Note 32
[SRC-UNESCO-GENAI-ED23]
Miao, Fengchun, and Wayne Holmes. 2023. Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000386693. Institutional guidance. Publication page: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research.
- Book key
- Miao and Holmes 2023
- Cited in
- Note 21
[SRC-ILO-GENAI-JOBS25]
Gmyrek, Paweł, Janine Berg, Karol Kamiński, Filip Konopczyński, Agnieszka Ładna, Balint Nafradi, Konrad Rosłaniec, and Marek Troszyński. 2025. Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure. ILO Working Paper 140. https://doi.org/10.54394/HETP0387. Institutional research report.
- Book key
- Gmyrek et al. 2025
- Cited in
- Note 20
[SRC-OHMAN-AFTERLIFE18]
Öhman, Carl, and Luciano Floridi. 2018. “An Ethical Framework for the Digital Afterlife Industry.” Nature Human Behaviour 2: 318–320. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0335-2. Scientific article.
- Book key
- Öhman and Floridi 2018
- Cited in
- Note 48
[SRC-UNCTAD-TIR25]
UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2025. Technology and Innovation Report 2025: Inclusive Artificial Intelligence for Development. United Nations. https://unctad.org/publication/technology-and-innovation-report-2025. UN report.
- Book key
- UNCTAD 2025
- Cited in
- Note 43
[SRC-AUTOR-JOBS15]
Autor, David H. 2015. “Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 29 (3): 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.3.3. Peer-reviewed economic analysis, not a forecast for 2050.
- Book key
- Autor 2015
- Cited in
- Note 18
[SRC-BASTANI-LEARNING25]
Bastani, Hamsa, Osbert Bastani, Alp Sungu, Haosen Ge, Özge Kabakcı, and Rei Mariman. 2025. “Generative AI without Guardrails Can Harm Learning: Evidence from High School Mathematics.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (26): e2422633122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2422633122. Peer-reviewed randomized educational study; findings are specific to the tested setting and tools.
- Book key
- Bastani et al. 2025
- Cited in
- Note 22
[SRC-BRADY-DIFFUSION17]
Brady, William J., Julian A. Wills, John T. Jost, Joshua A. Tucker, and Jay J. Van Bavel. 2017. “Emotion Shapes the Diffusion of Moralized Content in Social Networks.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (28): 7313–7318. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618923114. Peer-reviewed observational study; association does not establish a platform algorithm as the cause.
- Book key
- Brady et al. 2017
- Cited in
- Note 29
[SRC-BRYNJOLFSSON-WORK25]
Brynjolfsson, Erik, Danielle Li, and Lindsey Raymond. 2025. “Generative AI at Work.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 140 (2): 889–942. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjae044. Peer-reviewed workplace study; not evidence of economy-wide effects.
- Book key
- Brynjolfsson, Li, and Raymond 2025
- Cited in
- Note 19
[SRC-DEFREITAS-COMPANIONS25]
De Freitas, Julian, Zeliha Oğuz-Uğuralp, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp, and Stefano Puntoni. 2026. “AI Companions Reduce Loneliness.” Journal of Consumer Research 52 (6): 1126–1148. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucaf040. Peer-reviewed study of short-term loneliness relief; not evidence of lasting clinical benefit.
- Book key
- De Freitas et al. 2026
- Cited in
- Note 33
[SRC-DOSHI-CREATIVITY24]
Doshi, Anil R., and Oliver P. Hauser. 2024. “Generative AI Enhances Individual Creativity but Reduces the Collective Diversity of Novel Content.” Science Advances 10 (28): eadn5290. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn5290. Peer-reviewed randomized creative-writing experiment; findings are specific to its design.
- Book key
- Doshi and Hauser 2024
- Cited in
- Note 31
[SRC-FITZPATRICK-WOEBOT17]
Fitzpatrick, Kathleen Kara, Alison Darcy, and Molly Vierhile. 2017. “Delivering Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Young Adults with Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Using a Fully Automated Conversational Agent (Woebot): A Randomized Controlled Trial.” JMIR Mental Health 4 (2): e19. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.7785. Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trial of a structured chatbot; not an open-ended generative companion.
- Book key
- Fitzpatrick, Darcy, and Vierhile 2017
- Cited in
- Note 26
[SRC-HOLLANEK-AFTERLIFE24]
Hollanek, Tomasz, and Katarzyna Nowaczyk-Basińska. 2024. “Griefbots, Deadbots, Postmortem Avatars: On Responsible Applications of Generative AI in the Digital Afterlife Industry.” Philosophy & Technology 37: 63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00744-w. Peer-reviewed ethical analysis using speculative design, not a clinical outcome study.
- Book key
- Hollanek and Nowaczyk-Basińska 2024
- Cited in
- Notes 47, 48
Energy, Materials, and the Geopolitics of Infrastructure
[SRC-IEA-EAI25]
International Energy Agency (IEA). 2025a. Energy and AI. https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai. Institutional report.
- Book key
- IEA 2025a
- Cited in
- Notes 37, 38, 39, 41
[SRC-LBNL-DC24]
Shehabi, Arman, Sarah Josephine Smith, Alex Hubbard, Alexander Newkirk, Nuoa Lei, Md AbuBakar Siddik, Billie Holecek, Jonathan G. Koomey, Eric R. Masanet, and Dale A. Sartor. 2024. 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.71468/P1WC7Q. Official technical report. DOI 10.71468/P1WC7Q. Additional resource links: https://eta.lbl.gov/publications/2024-lbnl-data-center-energy-usage-report.
- Book key
- Shehabi et al. 2024
- Cited in
- Note 37
[SRC-USGS-WATER]
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 2019. “Water-Use Terminology.” February 27, 2019. https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/water-use-terminology. Official page. Accessed: 2026-07-15. Operational definitions of withdrawal and consumptive use.
- Book key
- USGS 2019
- Cited in
- Note 41
[SRC-ISO-LCA14040-44]
International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 2006a. Environmental Management: Life Cycle Assessment, Principles and Framework. ISO 14040:2006. https://www.iso.org/standard/37456.html. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 2006b. Environmental Management: Life Cycle Assessment, Requirements and Guidelines. ISO 14044:2006. https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html. Current editions confirmed in 2022. Methodological standards.
- Book key
- ISO 2006a; ISO 2006b
- Cited in
- Notes 36, 41
[SRC-USGS-MCS26]
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 2026. Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2026. Official report.
- Book key
- USGS 2026
- Cited in
- Note 40
[SRC-IEA-CM25]
International Energy Agency (IEA). 2025b. Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-critical-minerals-outlook-2025. Institutional report.
- Book key
- IEA 2025b
- Cited in
- Note 40
[SRC-UNITAR-EW24]
Baldé, Cornelis P., Ruediger Kuehr, Tales Yamamoto, Rosie McDonald, Elena D’Angelo, Shahana Althaf, Garam Bel, et al. 2024. The Global E-Waste Monitor 2024. 2nd ed. International Telecommunication Union and United Nations Institute for Training and Research. https://ewastemonitor.info/the-global-e-waste-monitor-2024/. UN report. Additional resource links: https://www.itu.int/hub/publication/d-gen-e_waste-01-2024/.
- Book key
- Baldé et al. 2024
- Cited in
- Note 40
[SRC-STARCLOUD1-25]
Starcloud. n.d. “Starcloud-1.” https://www.starcloud.com/starcloud-1. Corporate page about its own activities; states that the satellite was launched in 2025-11, without demonstrating scale or commercial viability. Accessed: 2026-07-17.
- Book key
- Starcloud n.d.
- Cited in
- Note 42
[SRC-AXIOM-ODC26]
Axiom Space. n.d. “Orbital Data Centers.” https://www.axiomspace.com/orbital-data-center. Corporate page about its own activities; states that the first two dedicated nodes were launched into low Earth orbit on 2026-01-11. Accessed: 2026-07-17.
- Book key
- Axiom Space n.d.
- Cited in
- Note 42
[SRC-GOOGLE-SUNCATCHER25]
Beals, Travis. 2025. “Exploring a Space-Based, Scalable AI Infrastructure System Design.” November 4, 2025. Google Research. https://research.google/blog/exploring-a-space-based-scalable-ai-infrastructure-system-design/. Corporate announcement of Project Suncatcher; the two prototype satellites planned for early 2027 remain an announced project, not a completed launch. Accessed: 2026-07-17.
- Book key
- Beals 2025
- Cited in
- Note 42
[SRC-CORDIS-ASCEND]
European Commission, CORDIS. 2026. “Advanced Space Cloud for European Net Zero Emissions and Data Sovereignty (ASCEND), Grant Agreement 101082517: Periodic Reporting.” January 14, 2026. https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101082517/reporting. Institutional feasibility fact sheet and report; not an independent technical source. Project DOI 10.3030/101082517. Accessed: 2026-07-17. Additional resource links: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101082517.
- Book key
- European Commission, CORDIS 2026
- Cited in
- Note 42
[SRC-TURYSHEV-ODC26]
Turyshev, Slava G. 2026. Orbital Data Centers: Spacecraft Constraints and Economic Viability. Preprint, arXiv:2604.27197v1, April 29, 2026. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.27197. Independent technical preprint, arXiv:2604.27197. DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2604.27197. Accessed: 2026-07-17. Additional resource links: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27197.
- Book key
- Turyshev 2026
- Cited in
- Note 42
[SRC-ALAHMAD-SBDC26]
Al Ahmad, Mahmoud, Qurban Memon, and Michael Pecht. 2026. “Reliability and Risk in Space-Based Data Centers: A Lifecycle Assessment of Orbital Cloud Infrastructure.” Applied Sciences 16 (11): 5247. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115247. Independent peer-reviewed technical article. DOI 10.3390/app16115247. Accessed: 2026-07-17. Additional resource links: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/16/11/5247.
- Book key
- Al Ahmad, Memon, and Pecht 2026
- Cited in
- Note 42
[SRC-WILSON-LCSA23]
Wilson, Andrew R., Massimiliano Vasile, Christie Maddock, and Keith Baker. 2023. “Implementing Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment for Improved Space Mission Design.” Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 19 (4): 1002–1022. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4722. Independent peer-reviewed technical article. DOI 10.1002/ieam.4722. Accessed: 2026-07-17. Additional resource links: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ieam.4722.
- Book key
- Wilson et al. 2023
- Cited in
- Note 42
[SRC-MURPHY-REENTRY23]
Murphy, Daniel M., Maya Abou-Ghanem, Daniel J. Cziczo, Karl D. Froyd, Justin Jacquot, Michael J. Lawler, Christopher Maloney, et al. 2023. “Metals from Spacecraft Reentry in Stratospheric Aerosol Particles.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120 (43): e2313374120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2313374120. Independent peer-reviewed scientific article; copy in NOAA’s institutional repository. DOI 10.1073/pnas.2313374120. Accessed: 2026-07-17. Additional resource links: https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/58476.
- Book key
- Murphy et al. 2023
- Cited in
- Note 42
[SRC-KPA-MOMBASA]
Kenya Ports Authority. n.d. “Port of Mombasa.” https://kpa.co.ke/Ports/PortOfMombasa. Institutional page on the port’s multimodal connections with its hinterland. Accessed: 2026-07-17.
- Book key
- Not in Documentary Bibliography
- Cited in
- Not cited, timeline
[SRC-NCTTCA-NORTHERN-CORRIDOR]
Northern Corridor Transit and Transport Coordination Authority (NCTTCA). n.d.-b. “Who We Are.” https://www.ttcanc.org/about-us/who-we-are/. Institutional page on the Northern Corridor between the Port of Mombasa and the landlocked countries of the Great Lakes region. Accessed: 2026-07-17.
- Book key
- NCTTCA n.d.-b
- Cited in
- Note 46
[SRC-NIST-CHIPS-SUPPLY]
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), CHIPS for America. 2023b. Vision for Success: Facilities for Semiconductor Materials and Manufacturing Equipment. June 23, 2023. https://www.nist.gov/document/vision-success-facilities-semiconductor-materials-and-manufacturing-equipment. Official documentation.
- Book key
- NIST 2023b
- Cited in
- Note 43
[SRC-GAO-SEMI22]
U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO). 2022. Semiconductor Supply Chain: Policy Considerations from Selected Experts for Reducing Risks and Mitigating Shortages. July 26, 2022. GAO-22-105923. https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-22-105923. Official report.
- Book key
- GAO 2022
- Cited in
- Note 43
[SRC-EU-CHIPS]
European Commission. n.d.-d. “European Chips Act.” https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/european-chips-act. Institutional page on the current framework; not a legislative act. Accessed: 2026.
- Book key
- European Commission n.d.-d
- Cited in
- Note 43
[SRC-EU-CHIPS2-26]
European Commission. 2026c. “Proposal for the Chips Act 2.0.” June 3, 2026. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/proposal-chips-act-20. Legislative proposal, not law already enacted.
- Book key
- European Commission 2026c
- Cited in
- Note 43
[SRC-BIS-AC26]
U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS). 2026c. “Revision to License Review Policy for Advanced Computing Commodities.” Final rule. Federal Register 91 (January 15, 2026): 1684. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/15/2026-00789/revision-to-license-review-policy-for-advanced-computing-commodities. Official final rule; applicability depends on the transaction and the EAR in force. Accessed: 2026-07-17.
- Book key
- BIS 2026c
- Cited in
- Note 43
[SRC-ITU-CABLES26]
International Telecommunication Union (ITU), in partnership with the International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC). 2026. International Advisory Body on Submarine Cable Resilience: Report of the Working Groups 2026. ISBN 978-92-61-40561-8. https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/opb/iab/S-IAB-WG-2026-PDF-E.pdf. Final institutional report. Additional resource links: https://www.itu.int/hub/publication/s-iab-wg-2026/.
- Book key
- ITU and ICPC 2026
- Cited in
- Notes 16, 44
[SRC-CMA-CLOUD25]
Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). 2025. Cloud Services Market Investigation: Summary of Final Decision. July 31, 2025. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/688b20e6ff8c05468cb7b120/summary_of_final_decision.pdf. Final regulatory decision on the UK public cloud infrastructure market.
- Book key
- CMA 2025
- Cited in
- Notes 14, 44
[SRC-ENISA-TL25]
European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). 2025. ENISA Threat Landscape 2025. Version 1.2, updated January 9, 2026. https://doi.org/10.2824/1946374. Official report. Additional resource links: https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/enisa-threat-landscape-2025.
- Book key
- ENISA 2025
- Cited in
- Notes 15, 44, 45
[SRC-ENISA-FRONTIER26]
European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). 2026. ENISA’s View on Cybersecurity in the Frontier AI Era. July 7, 2026. https://doi.org/10.2824/9549088. Official report with initial recommendations for operational capabilities against machine-speed threats; does not replace the annual Threat Landscape. Additional resource links: https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/enisas-view-on-cybersecurity-in-the-frontier-ai-era.
- Book key
- ENISA 2026
- Cited in
- Notes 15, 44
[SRC-UN-CYBER]
United Nations General Assembly. 2021. Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security: Note by the Secretary-General. March 18, 2021. A/75/816, Annex I, Final Substantive Report of the Open-ended Working Group. https://docs.un.org/en/A/75/816. Official UN report. Additional resource links: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3908015.
- Book key
- United Nations General Assembly 2021
- Cited in
- Notes 44, 45
[SRC-CMA-ACTIONS26]
Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). 2026a. Actions on Cloud and Business Software through the UK Digital Markets Competition Regime. March 31, 2026. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69cbb8d52d120d9d5ec0f311/Actions_on_cloud_and_business_software_through_the_UK_digital_markets_competition_regime.pdf. Official regulatory policy document, distinct from the 2025 final decision and the SMS investigation launch.
- Book key
- CMA 2026a
- Cited in
- Note 44
[SRC-CMA-SMS26]
Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). 2026b. Microsoft’s Business Software Ecosystem. May 14, 2026. SMS investigation launch. https://www.gov.uk/cma-cases/microsofts-business-software-ecosystem. Regulatory investigation launch, not an SMS designation.
- Book key
- CMA 2026b
- Cited in
- Note 44
[SRC-NCTTCA-MOMBASA]
Northern Corridor Transit and Transport Coordination Authority (NCTTCA). n.d.-a. “Port of Mombasa.” https://www.ttcanc.org/corridor-infrastructure/port-of-mombasa/. Institutional geographic context; not evidence for the fictional scenario quantities.
- Book key
- NCTTCA n.d.-a
- Cited in
- Note 46
[SRC-BIS-IC-DESIGNER26]
U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS). 2026a. “Extension of Authorized Integrated Circuit (IC) Designer Status and Application Deadline to Become an Approved IC Designer.” Final rule, effective April 7, 2026. Federal Register 91 (April 9, 2026): 17851–17852. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-04-09/html/2026-06851.htm. Final rule; specified designer-status and application deadlines are scheduled for 2026-12-31.
- Book key
- BIS 2026a
- Cited in
- Note 43
[SRC-BIS-GUIDANCE26]
U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS). 2026b. Guidance Regarding Enforcement of License Requirements for Advanced Computing Items for Entities Headquartered in Country Group D:5 and Macau. May 31, 2026. https://www.bis.gov/media/documents/bis-guidance-may-31-2026.pdf. Official enforcement guidance clarifying pre-existing controls; distinct from the January and April rules.
- Book key
- BIS 2026b
- Cited in
- Note 43
Law, Regulation, and Institutional Guidance
[SRC-LIARS-DIVIDEND]
Chesney, Bobby, and Danielle Citron. 2019. “Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy, and National Security.” California Law Review 107 (6): 1753–1819. https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38RV0D15J. Primary source for the concept of the “liar’s dividend.”
- Book key
- Chesney and Citron 2019
- Cited in
- Note 28
[SRC-S34-001]
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2024c. Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act). Official Journal of the European Union L, 2024/1689 (July 12, 2024). As amended by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744. CELEX 32024R1689. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R1689. Law in force; phased application. CELEX 32024R1689; ELI reg/2024/1689/oj. Additional resource links: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng.
- Book key
- Regulation (EU) 2024/1689
- Cited in
- Notes 17, 20, 21, 25, 28, 30, 32, 35
[SRC-S34-003]
European Commission. n.d.-b. “Article 50: Transparency Obligations for Providers and Deployers of Certain AI Systems.” AI Act Service Desk. Explanatory service reproducing the AI Act; read with Regulation (EU) 2026/1744. https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/article-50. Official service concerning Article 50 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689. Accessed: 2026-07-17.
- Book key
- European Commission n.d.-b
- Cited in
- Note 28
[SRC-S34-004]
European Commission. n.d.-c. “Article 53: Obligations for Providers of General-Purpose AI Models.” AI Act Service Desk. Explanatory service reproducing Article 53 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689. https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/article-53. Official service concerning Article 53 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689. Accessed: 2026-07-17.
- Book key
- European Commission n.d.-c
- Cited in
- Note 20
[SRC-S34-005]
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2016. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of 27 April 2016 on the Protection of Natural Persons with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data, and Repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). Official Journal of the European Union L 119 (May 4, 2016): 1–88. CELEX 32016R0679. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj/eng. Law in force. CELEX 32016R0679; ELI reg/2016/679/oj.
- Book key
- Regulation (EU) 2016/679
- Cited in
- Notes 13, 20, 35, 48
[SRC-S34-006]
Article 29 Data Protection Working Party (Article 29 Working Party). 2018. Guidelines on Automated Individual Decision-Making and Profiling for the Purposes of Regulation 2016/679. WP251 rev.01. Endorsed by the European Data Protection Board on May 25, 2018. https://www.edpb.europa.eu/documents/guideline/automated-decision-making-and-profiling_en. Official interpretive guidance; not legislation.
- Book key
- Article 29 Working Party 2018
- Cited in
- Notes 20, 35
[SRC-S34-007]
Court of Justice of the European Union. 2023. OQ v. Land Hessen (SCHUFA Holding). Case C-634/21, ECLI:EU:C:2023:957, December 7, 2023. CELEX 62021CJ0634. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62021CJ0634. Binding case law in the interpretation of EU law. ECLI:EU:C:2023:957. Additional resource links: https://infocuria.curia.europa.eu/tabs/redirect/juris/document/document.jsf?docid=280426&doclang=en.
- Book key
- SCHUFA, Case C-634/21
- Cited in
- Notes 20, 35
[SRC-S34-008]
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2024b. Regulation (EU) 2024/1183 of 11 April 2024 amending Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 as regards establishing the European Digital Identity Framework. Official Journal of the European Union L, 2024/1183 (April 30, 2024). CELEX 32024R1183. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32024R1183. Law in force. CELEX 32024R1183; ELI reg/2024/1183/oj. Additional resource links: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1183/oj/eng.
- Book key
- Regulation (EU) 2024/1183
- Cited in
- Note 13
[SRC-S34-009]
European Commission. 2026b. The European Digital Identity Wallet Architecture and Reference Framework. Version 3.0.0. Technical specification and release notes, July 23, 2026. EU Digital Identity Wallet official repository. Version 3.0.0 superseded version 2.9.0 of May 21, 2026. https://github.com/eu-digital-identity-wallet/eudi-doc-architecture-and-reference-framework/releases/tag/v3.0.0. Technical specification and release notes, superseding version 2.9.0 of 2026-05-21.
- Book key
- European Commission 2026b
- Cited in
- Note 13
[SRC-S34-010]
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2022. Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of 19 October 2022 on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act). Official Journal of the European Union L 277 (October 27, 2022): 1–102. CELEX 32022R2065. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2065. Law in force. CELEX 32022R2065; ELI reg/2022/2065/oj. Additional resource links: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng.
- Book key
- Regulation (EU) 2022/2065
- Cited in
- Note 32
[SRC-S34-011]
European Commission. n.d.-a. “Article 5: Prohibited AI Practices.” AI Act Service Desk. Explanatory service reproducing the AI Act; read with Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 and its phased application dates. https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/article-5. Official service concerning Article 5 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689. Accessed: 2026-07-14.
- Book key
- European Commission n.d.-a
- Cited in
- Note 21
[SRC-S34-012]
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2024a. Directive (EU) 2024/2831 of 23 October 2024 on improving working conditions in platform work. Official Journal of the European Union L, 2024/2831 (November 11, 2024). Article 29(1) sets a December 2, 2026 transposition deadline. CELEX 32024L2831. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024L2831. EU law requiring transposition; sector-specific scope. CELEX 32024L2831; ELI dir/2024/2831/oj. Additional resource links: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2831/oj/eng.
- Book key
- Directive (EU) 2024/2831
- Cited in
- Note 20
[SRC-S34-013]
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2019. Directive (EU) 2019/790 of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market. Official Journal of the European Union L 130 (May 17, 2019): 92–125. CELEX 32019L0790. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/790/oj/eng. EU law transposed with national differences. CELEX 32019L0790; ELI dir/2019/790/oj.
- Book key
- Directive (EU) 2019/790
- Cited in
- Note 30
[SRC-S34-015]
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2017a. Regulation (EU) 2017/745 of 5 April 2017 on medical devices. Official Journal of the European Union L 117 (May 5, 2017): 1–175. As amended. CELEX 32017R0745. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/745/oj. Law in force. CELEX 32017R0745; ELI reg/2017/745/oj. Additional resource links: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/745/oj/eng.
- Book key
- Regulation (EU) 2017/745
- Cited in
- Note 25
[SRC-S34-016]
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2017b. Regulation (EU) 2017/746 of 5 April 2017 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices. Official Journal of the European Union L 117 (May 5, 2017): 176–332. As amended. CELEX 32017R0746. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32017R0746. Law in force. CELEX 32017R0746; ELI reg/2017/746/oj. Additional resource links: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/746/oj/eng.
- Book key
- Regulation (EU) 2017/746
- Cited in
- Note 25
[SRC-S34-017]
European Data Protection Board (EDPB). 2023. Guidelines 05/2022 on the Use of Facial Recognition Technology in the Area of Law Enforcement. Version 2.0, April 26, 2023. https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2023-05/edpb_guidelines_202304_frtlawenforcement_v2_en.pdf. Official interpretive guidance, not legislation.
- Book key
- EDPB 2023
- Cited in
- Note 21
[SRC-S34-018]
Garante per la protezione dei dati personali (Garante). n.d. “Eredità digitale [Digital inheritance].” Institutional guidance reproducing Article 2-terdecies of Legislative Decree No. 196/2003, paragraphs 1–5. https://www.garanteprivacy.it/temi/internet-e-nuove-tecnologie/eredita-digitale. Institutional guidance; legal basis: Legislative Decree 196/2003, Article 2-terdecies. Accessed: 2026-07-14.
- Book key
- Garante n.d.
- Cited in
- Note 48
[SRC-S34-020]
European Commission. 2026a. Code of Practice on Transparency of AI-Generated Content. Final code published June 10, 2026; Commission Opinion dated July 8, 2026; AI Board adequacy assessment dated July 9, 2026. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-opinion-assessment-code-practice-transparency-ai-generated-content; https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-publishes-code-practice-marking-and-labelling-ai-generated-content. Voluntary instrument for implementing Article 50 of the AI Act; adherence does not constitute conclusive evidence of compliance.
- Book key
- European Commission 2026a
- Cited in
- Note 28
[SRC-S34-021]
European Commission. 2025. “General-Purpose AI Code of Practice Now Available.” July 10, 2025. Publication announcement for the final voluntary code supporting compliance with the AI Act. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/general-purpose-ai-code-practice-now-available. Voluntary instrument supporting compliance; GPAI obligations apply from 2025-08-02, with Commission enforcement powers scheduled to apply from 2026-08-02 and compliance for legacy GPAI models scheduled by 2027-08-02. Accessed: 2026-07-17.
- Book key
- European Commission 2025
- Cited in
- Note 20
[SRC-EU-AI-OMNIBUS26]
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2026. Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 of 8 July 2026 amending Regulations (EU) 2024/1689, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2023/1230 as regards the simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI). Official Journal of the European Union L, 2026/1744 (July 24, 2026). Entered into force July 27, 2026. CELEX 32026R1744. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32026R1744. Law in force from 2026-07-27; individual provisions have phased application.
- Book key
- Regulation (EU) 2026/1744
- Cited in
- Notes 20, 28, 35
[SRC-EUDI-IMPLEMENTATION]
European Commission. 2026. “European Digital Identity Wallet Implementation.” Updated June 22, 2026. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/eudi-wallet-implementation. Institutional implementation context; retained separately from the version 3.0.0 technical specification. Accessed: 2026-07-17.
- Book key
- Not in Documentary Bibliography
- Cited in
- Not cited, context only
[SRC-CANADA-ADM19]
Government of Canada. 2019. Directive on Automated Decision-Making. As amended. https://www.tbs-sct.canada.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=32592. Government policy directive; includes the Algorithmic Impact Assessment.
- Book key
- Government of Canada 2019
- Cited in
- Note 17