Turing, Alan M. 1950. “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” Mind 59 (236): 433–460. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433. 一次資料。
- 本書の照合キー
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安定コード、情報源の区分、有効なリンクを備えた108件の文献資料。
著者、題名、安定コード、本書の照合キー、注番号で検索できます。Note 1(または1)と入力すると、本書のその注に引用された情報源だけが見つかります。「引用箇所」欄はV51.2の本書の注番号を使い、資料集のみの項目は別に示します。
Turing, Alan M. 1950. “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” Mind 59 (236): 433–460. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433. 一次資料。
McCarthy, John, Marvin L. Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude E. Shannon. 2006. “A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, August 31, 1955.” AI Magazine 27 (4): 12–14. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v27i4.1904。原提案の日付は1955年8月31日。抜粋は2006年に再刊。 歴史の一次資料。本書は2006年の再録版を引用しています。原提案のアーカイブ: https://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/dartmouth/dartmouth.pdf.
Rosenblatt, Frank. 1958. “The Perceptron: A Probabilistic Model for Information Storage and Organization in the Brain.” Psychological Review 65 (6): 386–408. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0042519. 一次資料。
Minsky, Marvin, and Seymour A. Papert. 1987. Perceptrons: An Introduction to Computational Geometry. Expanded ed. MIT Press. First published 1969. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262631112/perceptrons/. 一次資料。出版社のページは増補版を案内しています。
Rumelhart, David E., Geoffrey E. Hinton, and Ronald J. Williams. 1986. “Learning Representations by Back-Propagating Errors.” Nature 323 (6088): 533–536. https://doi.org/10.1038/323533a0. 一次資料。
IBM. n.d. “Deep Blue.” https://www.ibm.com/history/deep-blue. 企業の公式アーカイブ。参照年:2026。歴史上の節目:1997年。
Krizhevsky, Alex, Ilya Sutskever, and Geoffrey E. Hinton. 2012. “ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 25. https://papers.nips.cc/paper_files/paper/2012/hash/c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b-Abstract.html. 一次資料。追加の資料リンク: https://papers.nips.cc/paper/4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks.
Vaswani, Ashish, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017. “Attention Is All You Need.” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30. https://papers.nips.cc/paper_files/paper/2017/hash/3f5ee243547dee91fbd053c1c4a845aa-Abstract.html. 一次資料。追加の資料リンク: https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762.
Weizenbaum, Joseph. 1966. “ELIZA, a Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication between Man and Machine.” Communications of the ACM 9 (1): 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1145/365153.365168. 一次資料。
OpenAI. 2022. “Introducing ChatGPT.” November 30, 2022. https://openai.com/index/chatgpt/. 企業による公式発表。
DARPA. n.d. “ARPANET.” https://www.darpa.mil/news/features/arpanet. 公式機関アーカイブ。参照年:2026。歴史上の節目:1969年。
Internet Society. 2013. “New Year’s Day Marks 30th Anniversary of Major Milestone for Global Internet.” January 1, 2013. https://www.internetsociety.org/news/press-releases/2013/new-years-day-marks-30th-anniversary-of-major-milestone-for-global-internet/. 機関資料。
CERN. n.d. “A Short History of the Web.” https://home.cern/science/computing/the-birth-of-the-web/short-history-web/. 公式機関アーカイブ。参照年:2026。
CERN. 2013. “The Open Internet and the Web.” April 30, 2013. https://home.cern/open-internet-and-web/. 公式資料。
Howe, Jim. 2007. “Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University: A Perspective.” June 2007. School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh. https://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/about/AIhistory.html. 機関による歴史の記述。
McDermott, Drew, M. Mitchell Waldrop, B. Chandrasekaran, John McDermott, and Roger Schank. 1985. “The Dark Ages of AI: A Panel Discussion at AAAI-84.” AI Magazine 6 (3): 122–134. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v6i3.494. 歴史の一次資料。公刊されたパネル討論。
Turpin, Miles, Julian Michael, Ethan Perez, and Samuel R. Bowman. 2023. “Language Models Don’t Always Say What They Think: Unfaithful Explanations in Chain-of-Thought Prompting.” NeurIPS 2023 conference paper, author manuscript, arXiv:2305.04388v2. https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.04388v2. 学会の研究論文および著者原稿。結果は検証したモデルとプロンプトに関するものです。
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Verifiable Credentials Working Group. 2025c. Verifiable Credentials Data Model v2.0. W3C Recommendation, May 15, 2025. https://www.w3.org/TR/2025/REC-vc-data-model-2.0-20250515/. W3C勧告。追加の資料リンク: https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-model-2.0/.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Verifiable Credentials Working Group. 2025b. Verifiable Credential Data Integrity 1.0. W3C Recommendation, May 15, 2025. https://www.w3.org/TR/2025/REC-vc-data-integrity-20250515/. W3C勧告。追加の資料リンク: https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-integrity/.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Verifiable Credentials Working Group. 2025a. Securing Verifiable Credentials Using JOSE and COSE. W3C Recommendation, May 15, 2025. https://www.w3.org/TR/2025/REC-vc-jose-cose-20250515/. W3C勧告。追加の資料リンク: https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-jose-cose/.
OpenID Foundation, Digital Credentials Protocols Working Group. 2025a. OpenID for Verifiable Credential Issuance 1.0. Final specification, September 16, 2025. https://openid.net/specs/openid-4-verifiable-credential-issuance-1_0.html. 最終仕様。
OpenID Foundation, Digital Credentials Protocols Working Group. 2025b. OpenID for Verifiable Presentations 1.0. Final specification, July 9, 2025. https://openid.net/specs/openid-4-verifiable-presentations-1_0.html. 最終仕様。
Temoshok, David, Diana Proud-Madruga, Yee-Yin Choong, Ryan Galluzzo, Sarbari Gupta, Connie LaSalle, Naomi Lefkovitz, and Andrew Regenscheid. 2025. Digital Identity Guidelines. NIST Special Publication 800-63-4. National Institute of Standards and Technology. July 2025. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-63-4. 最終技術標準。
Yaga, Dylan, Peter Mell, Nik Roby, and Karen Scarfone. 2018. Blockchain Technology Overview. NIST Interagency/Internal Report 8202. National Institute of Standards and Technology. October 2018. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8202. 公式技術報告書。
Burrell, Jenna. 2016. “How the Machine ‘Thinks’: Understanding Opacity in Machine Learning Algorithms.” Big Data & Society 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951715622512. アルゴリズムの不透明性に関する、査読付きの社会技術的分析。
Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (C2PA). n.d. C2PA and Content Credentials Explainer. Version 2.2. https://spec.c2pa.org/specifications/specifications/2.2/explainer/Explainer.html. 技術解説、バージョン2.2。来歴の検証は真実性の判断ではありません。
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). 2023a. Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0). January 2023. NIST AI 100-1. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AI.100-1. 公式の任意のリスク管理枠組み。著者の2050年テストを検証または推奨するものではありません。
Parasuraman, Raja, and Victor Riley. 1997. “Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse.” Human Factors 39 (2): 230–253. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872097778543886. 自動化の利用と誤用に関する、査読付きの人的要因分析。
Schwartz, Reva, Apostol Vassilev, Kristen Greene, Lori Perine, Andrew Burt, and Patrick Hall. 2022. Towards a Standard for Identifying and Managing Bias in Artificial Intelligence. NIST Special Publication 1270. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Corrected March 24, 2022. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270. 偏りの制度的、統計的、人的な原因に関する公式技術報告書。
International Organization for Standardization and International Electrotechnical Commission. 2023. Information Technology: Artificial Intelligence, Management System. ISO/IEC 42001:2023. https://www.iso.org/standard/42001. マネジメントシステムに関する国際規格。
World Health Organization (WHO). 2021. Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health: WHO Guidance. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240029200. 機関ガイドライン。
World Health Organization (WHO). 2023. Regulatory Considerations on Artificial Intelligence for Health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240078871. 規制上の検討事項をまとめた機関文書。ガイダンス、規制の枠組み、政策のいずれでもないことを明示しています。
World Health Organization (WHO). 2024. Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health: Guidance on Large Multi-Modal Models. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240084759. WHOの版および書誌引用:2024年。現在の機関ページの日付:2025-03-25。追加の資料リンク: https://www.who.int/publications/b/70584.
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for Europe. 2026. Artificial Intelligence Is Reshaping Health Systems: State of Readiness across the European Union. WHO/EURO:2026-12707-52481-81471. https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2026-12707-52481-81471. EU加盟27か国の保健医療制度の準備状況に関する機関報告書。臨床的有効性を示す根拠ではありません。WHO/EURO:2026-12707-52481-81471。
World Health Organization (WHO). 2026. Artificial Intelligence and Evidence-Informed Policy: Emerging Challenges and Opportunities: Discussion Paper. B09667. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/B09667. 機関の技術文書。監督、影響評価、人の判断を求めています。
Medical Device Coordination Group (MDCG). 2025. Guidance on Qualification and Classification of Software in Regulation (EU) 2017/745, MDR, and Regulation (EU) 2017/746, IVDR. June 17, 2025. MDCG 2019-11 rev.1. https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/b45335c5-1679-4c71-a91c-fc7a4d37f12b_en. 欧州委員会の公式ガイダンス。法令ではありません。
Artificial Intelligence Board (AIB) and Medical Device Coordination Group (MDCG). 2025. Interplay between the Medical Devices Regulation, the In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation and the Artificial Intelligence Act. AIB 2025-1; MDCG 2025-6. https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/b78a17d7-e3cd-4943-851d-e02a2f22bbb4_en. 共同の公式ガイダンス。法令ではありません。
World Health Organization (WHO). 2025b. “Mental Health of Adolescents.” September 1, 2025. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health. 機関ファクトシート。
World Health Organization (WHO). 2025a. From Loneliness to Social Connection: Charting a Path to Healthier Societies. Report of the WHO Commission on Social Connection. https://www.who.int/groups/commission-on-social-connection/report. 機関報告書。
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Innocenti. 2025. Guidance on AI and Children. Version 3.0. https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/reports/policy-guidance-ai-children. 子どもの権利に基づく機関ガイドライン。
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2026. When AI Becomes a Friend: Child Rights Risks, Harms, and Regulatory Responses to AI Chatbots and Companions. June 2026. Policy brief. https://www.unicef.org/documents/when-ai-becomes-friend-child-rights-risks. ポリシーブリーフ。規制状況の概観は2026-05-15まで更新。臨床的な根拠ではありません。
U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). 2025. “FTC Launches Inquiry into AI Chatbots Acting as Companions.” September 2025. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/09/ftc-launches-inquiry-ai-chatbots-acting-companions. 規制当局による調査。臨床上の知見ではありません。
Miao, Fengchun, and Wayne Holmes. 2023. Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000386693. 機関ガイドライン。掲載ページ: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research.
Gmyrek, Paweł, Janine Berg, Karol Kamiński, Filip Konopczyński, Agnieszka Ładna, Balint Nafradi, Konrad Rosłaniec, and Marek Troszyński. 2025. Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure. ILO Working Paper 140. https://doi.org/10.54394/HETP0387. 機関による調査報告書。
Öhman, Carl, and Luciano Floridi. 2018. “An Ethical Framework for the Digital Afterlife Industry.” Nature Human Behaviour 2: 318–320. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0335-2. 学術論文。
UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2025. Technology and Innovation Report 2025: Inclusive Artificial Intelligence for Development. United Nations. https://unctad.org/publication/technology-and-innovation-report-2025. 国連報告書。
Autor, David H. 2015. “Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 29 (3): 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.3.3. 査読付きの経済分析。2050年の予測ではありません。
Bastani, Hamsa, Osbert Bastani, Alp Sungu, Haosen Ge, Özge Kabakcı, and Rei Mariman. 2025. “Generative AI without Guardrails Can Harm Learning: Evidence from High School Mathematics.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (26): e2422633122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2422633122. 査読付きの無作為化教育研究。結果は検証した環境と道具に固有のものです。
Brady, William J., Julian A. Wills, John T. Jost, Joshua A. Tucker, and Jay J. Van Bavel. 2017. “Emotion Shapes the Diffusion of Moralized Content in Social Networks.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (28): 7313–7318. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618923114. 査読付きの観察研究。関連性があっても、プラットフォームのアルゴリズムが原因であるとは立証されません。
Brynjolfsson, Erik, Danielle Li, and Lindsey Raymond. 2025. “Generative AI at Work.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 140 (2): 889–942. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjae044. 査読付きの職場研究。経済全体への影響を示す根拠ではありません。
De Freitas, Julian, Zeliha Oğuz-Uğuralp, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp, and Stefano Puntoni. 2026. “AI Companions Reduce Loneliness.” Journal of Consumer Research 52 (6): 1126–1148. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucaf040. 孤独感の短期的な軽減に関する査読付き研究。持続的な臨床的便益を示す根拠ではありません。
Doshi, Anil R., and Oliver P. Hauser. 2024. “Generative AI Enhances Individual Creativity but Reduces the Collective Diversity of Novel Content.” Science Advances 10 (28): eadn5290. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn5290. 査読付きの無作為化創作実験。結果はその研究設計に固有のものです。
Fitzpatrick, Kathleen Kara, Alison Darcy, and Molly Vierhile. 2017. “Delivering Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Young Adults with Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Using a Fully Automated Conversational Agent (Woebot): A Randomized Controlled Trial.” JMIR Mental Health 4 (2): e19. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.7785. 構造化されたチャットボットの査読付き無作為化比較試験。自由度の高い生成型のコンパニオンではありません。
Hollanek, Tomasz, and Katarzyna Nowaczyk-Basińska. 2024. “Griefbots, Deadbots, Postmortem Avatars: On Responsible Applications of Generative AI in the Digital Afterlife Industry.” Philosophy & Technology 37: 63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00744-w. スペキュレイティブ・デザインを用いた査読付きの倫理分析。臨床結果の研究ではありません。
International Energy Agency (IEA). 2025a. Energy and AI. https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai. 機関報告書。
Shehabi, Arman, Sarah Josephine Smith, Alex Hubbard, Alexander Newkirk, Nuoa Lei, Md AbuBakar Siddik, Billie Holecek, Jonathan G. Koomey, Eric R. Masanet, and Dale A. Sartor. 2024. 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.71468/P1WC7Q. 公式技術報告書。DOI 10.71468/P1WC7Q。追加の資料リンク: https://eta.lbl.gov/publications/2024-lbnl-data-center-energy-usage-report.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 2019. “Water-Use Terminology.” February 27, 2019. https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/water-use-terminology. 公式ページ。参照日:2026-07-15。取水量と水消費量の操作的定義。
International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 2006a. Environmental Management: Life Cycle Assessment, Principles and Framework. ISO 14040:2006. https://www.iso.org/standard/37456.html. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 2006b. Environmental Management: Life Cycle Assessment, Requirements and Guidelines. ISO 14044:2006. https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html. 現行版であることを2022年に確認。方法論的標準。
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 2026. Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2026. 公式報告書。
International Energy Agency (IEA). 2025b. Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-critical-minerals-outlook-2025. 機関報告書。
Baldé, Cornelis P., Ruediger Kuehr, Tales Yamamoto, Rosie McDonald, Elena D’Angelo, Shahana Althaf, Garam Bel, et al. 2024. The Global E-Waste Monitor 2024. 2nd ed. International Telecommunication Union and United Nations Institute for Training and Research. https://ewastemonitor.info/the-global-e-waste-monitor-2024/. 国連報告書。追加の資料リンク: https://www.itu.int/hub/publication/d-gen-e_waste-01-2024/.
Starcloud. n.d. “Starcloud-1.” https://www.starcloud.com/starcloud-1. 自社の活動に関する企業ページ。2025-11に衛星を打ち上げたと記載していますが、規模や商業的実現可能性を立証していません。参照日:2026-07-17。
Axiom Space. n.d. “Orbital Data Centers.” https://www.axiomspace.com/orbital-data-center. 自社の活動に関する企業ページ。最初の専用ノード二基を2026-01-11に地球低軌道へ打ち上げたと記載しています。参照日:2026-07-17。
Beals, Travis. 2025. “Exploring a Space-Based, Scalable AI Infrastructure System Design.” November 4, 2025. Google Research. https://research.google/blog/exploring-a-space-based-scalable-ai-infrastructure-system-design/. Project Suncatcherに関する企業発表。2027年初頭に予定されている二基の試作衛星は、発表済みの計画のままであり、実施済みの打ち上げではありません。参照日:2026-07-17。
European Commission, CORDIS. 2026. “Advanced Space Cloud for European Net Zero Emissions and Data Sovereignty (ASCEND), Grant Agreement 101082517: Periodic Reporting.” January 14, 2026. https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101082517/reporting. 機関による実現可能性のファクトシートと報告書。独立した技術資料ではありません。プロジェクトDOI 10.3030/101082517。参照日:2026-07-17。追加の資料リンク: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101082517.
Turyshev, Slava G. 2026. Orbital Data Centers: Spacecraft Constraints and Economic Viability. Preprint, arXiv:2604.27197v1, April 29, 2026. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.27197. 独立した技術プレプリント、arXiv:2604.27197。DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2604.27197。参照日:2026-07-17。追加の資料リンク: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27197.
Al Ahmad, Mahmoud, Qurban Memon, and Michael Pecht. 2026. “Reliability and Risk in Space-Based Data Centers: A Lifecycle Assessment of Orbital Cloud Infrastructure.” Applied Sciences 16 (11): 5247. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115247. 独立した査読付き技術論文。DOI 10.3390/app16115247。参照日:2026-07-17。追加の資料リンク: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/16/11/5247.
Wilson, Andrew R., Massimiliano Vasile, Christie Maddock, and Keith Baker. 2023. “Implementing Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment for Improved Space Mission Design.” Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 19 (4): 1002–1022. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4722. 独立した査読付き技術論文。DOI 10.1002/ieam.4722。参照日:2026-07-17。追加の資料リンク: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ieam.4722.
Murphy, Daniel M., Maya Abou-Ghanem, Daniel J. Cziczo, Karl D. Froyd, Justin Jacquot, Michael J. Lawler, Christopher Maloney, et al. 2023. “Metals from Spacecraft Reentry in Stratospheric Aerosol Particles.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120 (43): e2313374120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2313374120. 独立した査読付き学術論文。NOAAの機関リポジトリに写しがあります。DOI 10.1073/pnas.2313374120。参照日:2026-07-17。追加の資料リンク: https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/58476.
Kenya Ports Authority. n.d. “Port of Mombasa.” https://kpa.co.ke/Ports/PortOfMombasa. 港と後背地の複合輸送による接続に関する機関ページ。参照日:2026-07-17。
Northern Corridor Transit and Transport Coordination Authority (NCTTCA). n.d.-b. “Who We Are.” https://www.ttcanc.org/about-us/who-we-are/. モンバサ港と大湖地域の内陸国を結ぶ北部回廊に関する機関ページ。参照日:2026-07-17。
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), CHIPS for America. 2023b. Vision for Success: Facilities for Semiconductor Materials and Manufacturing Equipment. June 23, 2023. https://www.nist.gov/document/vision-success-facilities-semiconductor-materials-and-manufacturing-equipment. 公式資料。
U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO). 2022. Semiconductor Supply Chain: Policy Considerations from Selected Experts for Reducing Risks and Mitigating Shortages. July 26, 2022. GAO-22-105923. https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-22-105923. 公式報告書。
European Commission. n.d.-d. “European Chips Act.” https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/european-chips-act. 現行の枠組みに関する機関ページ。法令ではありません。参照年:2026。
European Commission. 2026c. “Proposal for the Chips Act 2.0.” June 3, 2026. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/proposal-chips-act-20. 立法提案。すでに成立した法律ではありません。
U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS). 2026c. “Revision to License Review Policy for Advanced Computing Commodities.” Final rule. Federal Register 91 (January 15, 2026): 1684. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/15/2026-00789/revision-to-license-review-policy-for-advanced-computing-commodities. 公式の最終規則。適用は取引と現行のEARに左右されます。参照日:2026-07-17。
International Telecommunication Union (ITU), in partnership with the International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC). 2026. International Advisory Body on Submarine Cable Resilience: Report of the Working Groups 2026. ISBN 978-92-61-40561-8. https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/opb/iab/S-IAB-WG-2026-PDF-E.pdf. 最終機関報告書。追加の資料リンク: https://www.itu.int/hub/publication/s-iab-wg-2026/.
Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). 2025. Cloud Services Market Investigation: Summary of Final Decision. July 31, 2025. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/688b20e6ff8c05468cb7b120/summary_of_final_decision.pdf. 英国の公共クラウド基盤市場に関する最終規制決定。
European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). 2025. ENISA Threat Landscape 2025. Version 1.2, updated January 9, 2026. https://doi.org/10.2824/1946374. 公式報告書。追加の資料リンク: https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/enisa-threat-landscape-2025.
European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). 2026. ENISA’s View on Cybersecurity in the Frontier AI Era. July 7, 2026. https://doi.org/10.2824/9549088. 機械並みの速度で展開する脅威に対する運用能力について、初期的な勧告を示す公式報告書。年次Threat Landscapeに代わるものではありません。追加の資料リンク: https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/enisas-view-on-cybersecurity-in-the-frontier-ai-era.
United Nations General Assembly. 2021. Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security: Note by the Secretary-General. March 18, 2021. A/75/816, Annex I, Final Substantive Report of the Open-ended Working Group. https://docs.un.org/en/A/75/816. 国連の公式報告書。追加の資料リンク: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3908015.
Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). 2026a. Actions on Cloud and Business Software through the UK Digital Markets Competition Regime. March 31, 2026. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69cbb8d52d120d9d5ec0f311/Actions_on_cloud_and_business_software_through_the_UK_digital_markets_competition_regime.pdf. 公式の規制政策文書。2025年の最終決定およびSMS調査の開始とは別のものです。
Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). 2026b. Microsoft’s Business Software Ecosystem. May 14, 2026. SMS investigation launch. https://www.gov.uk/cma-cases/microsofts-business-software-ecosystem. 規制調査の開始。SMSの指定ではありません。
Northern Corridor Transit and Transport Coordination Authority (NCTTCA). n.d.-a. “Port of Mombasa.” https://www.ttcanc.org/corridor-infrastructure/port-of-mombasa/. 機関による地理的な背景情報。架空のシナリオの数量を裏づける根拠ではありません。
U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS). 2026a. “Extension of Authorized Integrated Circuit (IC) Designer Status and Application Deadline to Become an Approved IC Designer.” Final rule, effective April 7, 2026. Federal Register 91 (April 9, 2026): 17851–17852. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-04-09/html/2026-06851.htm. 最終規則。指定された設計者資格と申請の期限は2026-12-31の予定です。
U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS). 2026b. Guidance Regarding Enforcement of License Requirements for Advanced Computing Items for Entities Headquartered in Country Group D:5 and Macau. May 31, 2026. https://www.bis.gov/media/documents/bis-guidance-may-31-2026.pdf. 既存の規制を明確にする公式の執行ガイダンス。1月および4月の規則とは別のものです。
Chesney, Bobby, and Danielle Citron. 2019. “Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy, and National Security.” California Law Review 107 (6): 1753–1819. https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38RV0D15J. 「liar’s dividend」という概念の一次資料。
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2024c. Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act). Official Journal of the European Union L, 2024/1689 (July 12, 2024). As amended by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744. CELEX 32024R1689. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R1689. 現行法。段階的に適用。CELEX 32024R1689; ELI reg/2024/1689/oj。追加の資料リンク: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng.
European Commission. n.d.-b. “Article 50: Transparency Obligations for Providers and Deployers of Certain AI Systems.” AI Act Service Desk. Explanatory service reproducing the AI Act; read with Regulation (EU) 2026/1744. https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/article-50. 規則(EU)2024/1689第50条に関する公式サービス。参照日:2026-07-17。
European Commission. n.d.-c. “Article 53: Obligations for Providers of General-Purpose AI Models.” AI Act Service Desk. Explanatory service reproducing Article 53 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689. https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/article-53. 規則(EU)2024/1689第53条に関する公式サービス。参照日:2026-07-17。
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2016. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of 27 April 2016 on the Protection of Natural Persons with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data, and Repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). Official Journal of the European Union L 119 (May 4, 2016): 1–88. CELEX 32016R0679. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj/eng. 現行法。CELEX 32016R0679; ELI reg/2016/679/oj。
Article 29 Data Protection Working Party (Article 29 Working Party). 2018. Guidelines on Automated Individual Decision-Making and Profiling for the Purposes of Regulation 2016/679. WP251 rev.01. Endorsed by the European Data Protection Board on May 25, 2018. https://www.edpb.europa.eu/documents/guideline/automated-decision-making-and-profiling_en. 公式の解釈ガイダンス。法令ではありません。
Court of Justice of the European Union. 2023. OQ v. Land Hessen (SCHUFA Holding). Case C-634/21, ECLI:EU:C:2023:957, December 7, 2023. CELEX 62021CJ0634. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62021CJ0634. EU法の解釈において拘束力を持つ判例。ECLI:EU:C:2023:957。追加の資料リンク: https://infocuria.curia.europa.eu/tabs/redirect/juris/document/document.jsf?docid=280426&doclang=en.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2024b. Regulation (EU) 2024/1183 of 11 April 2024 amending Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 as regards establishing the European Digital Identity Framework. Official Journal of the European Union L, 2024/1183 (April 30, 2024). CELEX 32024R1183. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32024R1183. 現行法。CELEX 32024R1183; ELI reg/2024/1183/oj。追加の資料リンク: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1183/oj/eng.
European Commission. 2026b. The European Digital Identity Wallet Architecture and Reference Framework. Version 3.0.0. Technical specification and release notes, July 23, 2026. EU Digital Identity Wallet official repository. Version 3.0.0 superseded version 2.9.0 of May 21, 2026. https://github.com/eu-digital-identity-wallet/eudi-doc-architecture-and-reference-framework/releases/tag/v3.0.0. 技術仕様とリリースノート。2026-05-21付のバージョン2.9.0を置き換えます。
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2022. Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of 19 October 2022 on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act). Official Journal of the European Union L 277 (October 27, 2022): 1–102. CELEX 32022R2065. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2065. 現行法。CELEX 32022R2065; ELI reg/2022/2065/oj。追加の資料リンク: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng.
European Commission. n.d.-a. “Article 5: Prohibited AI Practices.” AI Act Service Desk. Explanatory service reproducing the AI Act; read with Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 and its phased application dates. https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/article-5. 規則(EU)2024/1689第5条に関する公式サービス。参照日:2026-07-14。
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2024a. Directive (EU) 2024/2831 of 23 October 2024 on improving working conditions in platform work. Official Journal of the European Union L, 2024/2831 (November 11, 2024). Article 29(1) sets a December 2, 2026 transposition deadline. CELEX 32024L2831. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024L2831. 国内法化を要するEU法。適用分野は限定されています。CELEX 32024L2831; ELI dir/2024/2831/oj。追加の資料リンク: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2831/oj/eng.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2019. Directive (EU) 2019/790 of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market. Official Journal of the European Union L 130 (May 17, 2019): 92–125. CELEX 32019L0790. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/790/oj/eng. 国ごとの差異を伴って国内法化されたEU法。CELEX 32019L0790; ELI dir/2019/790/oj。
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2017a. Regulation (EU) 2017/745 of 5 April 2017 on medical devices. Official Journal of the European Union L 117 (May 5, 2017): 1–175. As amended. CELEX 32017R0745. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/745/oj. 現行法。CELEX 32017R0745; ELI reg/2017/745/oj。追加の資料リンク: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/745/oj/eng.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2017b. Regulation (EU) 2017/746 of 5 April 2017 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices. Official Journal of the European Union L 117 (May 5, 2017): 176–332. As amended. CELEX 32017R0746. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32017R0746. 現行法。CELEX 32017R0746; ELI reg/2017/746/oj。追加の資料リンク: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/746/oj/eng.
European Data Protection Board (EDPB). 2023. Guidelines 05/2022 on the Use of Facial Recognition Technology in the Area of Law Enforcement. Version 2.0, April 26, 2023. https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2023-05/edpb_guidelines_202304_frtlawenforcement_v2_en.pdf. 公式の解釈ガイダンス。法令ではありません。
Garante per la protezione dei dati personali (Garante). n.d. “Eredità digitale [Digital inheritance].” Institutional guidance reproducing Article 2-terdecies of Legislative Decree No. 196/2003, paragraphs 1–5. https://www.garanteprivacy.it/temi/internet-e-nuove-tecnologie/eredita-digitale. 機関ガイドライン。法的根拠:立法令196/2003、第2-terdecies条。参照日:2026-07-14。
European Commission. 2026a. Code of Practice on Transparency of AI-Generated Content. Final code published June 10, 2026; Commission Opinion dated July 8, 2026; AI Board adequacy assessment dated July 9, 2026. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-opinion-assessment-code-practice-transparency-ai-generated-content; https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-publishes-code-practice-marking-and-labelling-ai-generated-content. AI Act第50条を実施するための任意の手段。参加しても、適合の決定的な証拠にはなりません。
European Commission. 2025. “General-Purpose AI Code of Practice Now Available.” July 10, 2025. Publication announcement for the final voluntary code supporting compliance with the AI Act. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/general-purpose-ai-code-practice-now-available. 適合を支援する任意の手段。GPAIの義務は2025-08-02から適用され、欧州委員会の執行権限は2026-08-02から適用予定、既存のGPAIモデルの適合期限は2027-08-02の予定です。参照日:2026-07-17。
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2026. Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 of 8 July 2026 amending Regulations (EU) 2024/1689, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2023/1230 as regards the simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI). Official Journal of the European Union L, 2026/1744 (July 24, 2026). Entered into force July 27, 2026. CELEX 32026R1744. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32026R1744. 2026-07-27から施行される現行法。個々の規定は段階的に適用されます。
European Commission. 2026. “European Digital Identity Wallet Implementation.” Updated June 22, 2026. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/eudi-wallet-implementation. 機関による実施上の背景情報。バージョン3.0.0の技術仕様とは別に保持しています。参照日:2026-07-17。
Government of Canada. 2019. Directive on Automated Decision-Making. As amended. https://www.tbs-sct.canada.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=32592. 政府の政策指令。アルゴリズム影響評価を含む。