Turing, Alan M. 1950. “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” Mind 59 (236): 433–460. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433. Fonte primária.
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Turing, Alan M. 1950. “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” Mind 59 (236): 433–460. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433. Fonte primária.
McCarthy, John, Marvin L. Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude E. Shannon. 2006. “A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, August 31, 1955.” AI Magazine 27 (4): 12–14. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v27i4.1904. Proposta original datada de 31 de agosto de 1955; trecho republicado em 2006. Fonte histórica primária; o livro cita a reimpressão de 2006. Arquivo da proposta original: https://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/dartmouth/dartmouth.pdf.
Rosenblatt, Frank. 1958. “The Perceptron: A Probabilistic Model for Information Storage and Organization in the Brain.” Psychological Review 65 (6): 386–408. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0042519. Fonte primária.
Minsky, Marvin, and Seymour A. Papert. 1987. Perceptrons: An Introduction to Computational Geometry. Expanded ed. MIT Press. First published 1969. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262631112/perceptrons/. Fonte primária; a página da editora se refere à edição ampliada.
Rumelhart, David E., Geoffrey E. Hinton, and Ronald J. Williams. 1986. “Learning Representations by Back-Propagating Errors.” Nature 323 (6088): 533–536. https://doi.org/10.1038/323533a0. Fonte primária.
IBM. n.d. “Deep Blue.” https://www.ibm.com/history/deep-blue. Arquivo corporativo oficial. Acesso: 2026. Marco histórico: 1997.
Krizhevsky, Alex, Ilya Sutskever, and Geoffrey E. Hinton. 2012. “ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 25. https://papers.nips.cc/paper_files/paper/2012/hash/c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b-Abstract.html. Fonte primária. Links adicionais do recurso: https://papers.nips.cc/paper/4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks.
Vaswani, Ashish, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017. “Attention Is All You Need.” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30. https://papers.nips.cc/paper_files/paper/2017/hash/3f5ee243547dee91fbd053c1c4a845aa-Abstract.html. Fonte primária. Links adicionais do recurso: https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762.
Weizenbaum, Joseph. 1966. “ELIZA, a Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication between Man and Machine.” Communications of the ACM 9 (1): 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1145/365153.365168. Fonte primária.
OpenAI. 2022. “Introducing ChatGPT.” November 30, 2022. https://openai.com/index/chatgpt/. Anúncio corporativo oficial.
DARPA. n.d. “ARPANET.” https://www.darpa.mil/news/features/arpanet. Arquivo institucional oficial. Acesso: 2026. Marco histórico: 1969.
Internet Society. 2013. “New Year’s Day Marks 30th Anniversary of Major Milestone for Global Internet.” January 1, 2013. https://www.internetsociety.org/news/press-releases/2013/new-years-day-marks-30th-anniversary-of-major-milestone-for-global-internet/. Documentação institucional.
CERN. n.d. “A Short History of the Web.” https://home.cern/science/computing/the-birth-of-the-web/short-history-web/. Arquivo institucional oficial. Acesso: 2026.
CERN. 2013. “The Open Internet and the Web.” April 30, 2013. https://home.cern/open-internet-and-web/. Documentação oficial.
Howe, Jim. 2007. “Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University: A Perspective.” June 2007. School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh. https://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/about/AIhistory.html. Relato histórico institucional.
McDermott, Drew, M. Mitchell Waldrop, B. Chandrasekaran, John McDermott, and Roger Schank. 1985. “The Dark Ages of AI: A Panel Discussion at AAAI-84.” AI Magazine 6 (3): 122–134. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v6i3.494. Fonte histórica primária, uma mesa-redonda publicada.
Turpin, Miles, Julian Michael, Ethan Perez, and Samuel R. Bowman. 2023. “Language Models Don’t Always Say What They Think: Unfaithful Explanations in Chain-of-Thought Prompting.” NeurIPS 2023 conference paper, author manuscript, arXiv:2305.04388v2. https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.04388v2. Artigo de pesquisa apresentado em conferência e manuscrito do autor; os resultados dizem respeito aos modelos e prompts testados.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Verifiable Credentials Working Group. 2025c. Verifiable Credentials Data Model v2.0. W3C Recommendation, May 15, 2025. https://www.w3.org/TR/2025/REC-vc-data-model-2.0-20250515/. Recomendação do W3C. Links adicionais do recurso: https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-model-2.0/.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Verifiable Credentials Working Group. 2025b. Verifiable Credential Data Integrity 1.0. W3C Recommendation, May 15, 2025. https://www.w3.org/TR/2025/REC-vc-data-integrity-20250515/. Recomendação do W3C. Links adicionais do recurso: https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-integrity/.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Verifiable Credentials Working Group. 2025a. Securing Verifiable Credentials Using JOSE and COSE. W3C Recommendation, May 15, 2025. https://www.w3.org/TR/2025/REC-vc-jose-cose-20250515/. Recomendação do W3C. Links adicionais do recurso: https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-jose-cose/.
OpenID Foundation, Digital Credentials Protocols Working Group. 2025a. OpenID for Verifiable Credential Issuance 1.0. Final specification, September 16, 2025. https://openid.net/specs/openid-4-verifiable-credential-issuance-1_0.html. Especificação final.
OpenID Foundation, Digital Credentials Protocols Working Group. 2025b. OpenID for Verifiable Presentations 1.0. Final specification, July 9, 2025. https://openid.net/specs/openid-4-verifiable-presentations-1_0.html. Especificação final.
Temoshok, David, Diana Proud-Madruga, Yee-Yin Choong, Ryan Galluzzo, Sarbari Gupta, Connie LaSalle, Naomi Lefkovitz, and Andrew Regenscheid. 2025. Digital Identity Guidelines. NIST Special Publication 800-63-4. National Institute of Standards and Technology. July 2025. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-63-4. Norma técnica final.
Yaga, Dylan, Peter Mell, Nik Roby, and Karen Scarfone. 2018. Blockchain Technology Overview. NIST Interagency/Internal Report 8202. National Institute of Standards and Technology. October 2018. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8202. Relatório técnico oficial.
Burrell, Jenna. 2016. “How the Machine ‘Thinks’: Understanding Opacity in Machine Learning Algorithms.” Big Data & Society 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951715622512. Análise sociotécnica da opacidade algorítmica revisada por pares.
Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (C2PA). n.d. C2PA and Content Credentials Explainer. Version 2.2. https://spec.c2pa.org/specifications/specifications/2.2/explainer/Explainer.html. Explicação técnica, versão 2.2; a verificação da procedência não é um juízo de verdade.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). 2023a. Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0). January 2023. NIST AI 100-1. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AI.100-1. Estrutura oficial voluntária de gestão de riscos; não valida nem endossa o Teste 2050 do autor.
Parasuraman, Raja, and Victor Riley. 1997. “Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse.” Human Factors 39 (2): 230–253. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872097778543886. Análise de fatores humanos no uso e no uso indevido da automação, revisada por pares.
Schwartz, Reva, Apostol Vassilev, Kristen Greene, Lori Perine, Andrew Burt, and Patrick Hall. 2022. Towards a Standard for Identifying and Managing Bias in Artificial Intelligence. NIST Special Publication 1270. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Corrected March 24, 2022. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270. Relatório técnico oficial sobre fontes sistêmicas, estatísticas e humanas de viés.
International Organization for Standardization and International Electrotechnical Commission. 2023. Information Technology: Artificial Intelligence, Management System. ISO/IEC 42001:2023. https://www.iso.org/standard/42001. Norma internacional de sistemas de gestão.
World Health Organization (WHO). 2021. Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health: WHO Guidance. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240029200. Orientação institucional.
World Health Organization (WHO). 2023. Regulatory Considerations on Artificial Intelligence for Health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240078871. Visão geral institucional de considerações regulatórias, explicitamente não constitui orientação, estrutura regulatória nem política.
World Health Organization (WHO). 2024. Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health: Guidance on Large Multi-Modal Models. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240084759. Edição e citação bibliográfica da OMS: 2024; página institucional atual datada de 2025-03-25. Links adicionais do recurso: https://www.who.int/publications/b/70584.
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for Europe. 2026. Artificial Intelligence Is Reshaping Health Systems: State of Readiness across the European Union. WHO/EURO:2026-12707-52481-81471. https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2026-12707-52481-81471. Relatório institucional sobre a preparação dos sistemas de saúde dos 27 Estados-Membros da UE; não constitui evidência clínica de eficácia. WHO/EURO:2026-12707-52481-81471.
World Health Organization (WHO). 2026. Artificial Intelligence and Evidence-Informed Policy: Emerging Challenges and Opportunities: Discussion Paper. B09667. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/B09667. Documento técnico institucional; defende supervisão, avaliações de impacto e juízo humano.
Medical Device Coordination Group (MDCG). 2025. Guidance on Qualification and Classification of Software in Regulation (EU) 2017/745, MDR, and Regulation (EU) 2017/746, IVDR. June 17, 2025. MDCG 2019-11 rev.1. https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/b45335c5-1679-4c71-a91c-fc7a4d37f12b_en. Orientação oficial da Comissão Europeia, não é um ato legislativo.
Artificial Intelligence Board (AIB) and Medical Device Coordination Group (MDCG). 2025. Interplay between the Medical Devices Regulation, the In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation and the Artificial Intelligence Act. AIB 2025-1; MDCG 2025-6. https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/b78a17d7-e3cd-4943-851d-e02a2f22bbb4_en. Orientação oficial conjunta, não é um ato legislativo.
World Health Organization (WHO). 2025b. “Mental Health of Adolescents.” September 1, 2025. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health. Ficha informativa institucional.
World Health Organization (WHO). 2025a. From Loneliness to Social Connection: Charting a Path to Healthier Societies. Report of the WHO Commission on Social Connection. https://www.who.int/groups/commission-on-social-connection/report. Relatório institucional.
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Innocenti. 2025. Guidance on AI and Children. Version 3.0. https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/reports/policy-guidance-ai-children. Orientação institucional fundamentada nos direitos das crianças.
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2026. When AI Becomes a Friend: Child Rights Risks, Harms, and Regulatory Responses to AI Chatbots and Companions. June 2026. Policy brief. https://www.unicef.org/documents/when-ai-becomes-friend-child-rights-risks. Documento de síntese de políticas; revisão regulatória atualizada até 2026-05-15, não é evidência clínica.
U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). 2025. “FTC Launches Inquiry into AI Chatbots Acting as Companions.” September 2025. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/09/ftc-launches-inquiry-ai-chatbots-acting-companions. Investigação regulatória, não é uma constatação clínica.
Miao, Fengchun, and Wayne Holmes. 2023. Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000386693. Orientação institucional. Página da publicação: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research.
Gmyrek, Paweł, Janine Berg, Karol Kamiński, Filip Konopczyński, Agnieszka Ładna, Balint Nafradi, Konrad Rosłaniec, and Marek Troszyński. 2025. Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure. ILO Working Paper 140. https://doi.org/10.54394/HETP0387. Relatório de pesquisa institucional.
Öhman, Carl, and Luciano Floridi. 2018. “An Ethical Framework for the Digital Afterlife Industry.” Nature Human Behaviour 2: 318–320. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0335-2. Artigo científico.
UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2025. Technology and Innovation Report 2025: Inclusive Artificial Intelligence for Development. United Nations. https://unctad.org/publication/technology-and-innovation-report-2025. Relatório da ONU.
Autor, David H. 2015. “Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 29 (3): 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.3.3. Análise econômica revisada por pares, não é uma previsão para 2050.
Bastani, Hamsa, Osbert Bastani, Alp Sungu, Haosen Ge, Özge Kabakcı, and Rei Mariman. 2025. “Generative AI without Guardrails Can Harm Learning: Evidence from High School Mathematics.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (26): e2422633122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2422633122. Estudo educacional randomizado revisado por pares; os resultados são específicos do contexto e das ferramentas testados.
Brady, William J., Julian A. Wills, John T. Jost, Joshua A. Tucker, and Jay J. Van Bavel. 2017. “Emotion Shapes the Diffusion of Moralized Content in Social Networks.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (28): 7313–7318. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618923114. Estudo observacional revisado por pares; a associação não comprova que um algoritmo de plataforma seja a causa.
Brynjolfsson, Erik, Danielle Li, and Lindsey Raymond. 2025. “Generative AI at Work.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 140 (2): 889–942. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjae044. Estudo em ambiente de trabalho revisado por pares; não é evidência de efeitos sobre toda a economia.
De Freitas, Julian, Zeliha Oğuz-Uğuralp, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp, and Stefano Puntoni. 2026. “AI Companions Reduce Loneliness.” Journal of Consumer Research 52 (6): 1126–1148. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucaf040. Estudo revisado por pares sobre alívio da solidão no curto prazo; não é evidência de benefício clínico duradouro.
Doshi, Anil R., and Oliver P. Hauser. 2024. “Generative AI Enhances Individual Creativity but Reduces the Collective Diversity of Novel Content.” Science Advances 10 (28): eadn5290. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn5290. Experimento randomizado de escrita criativa revisado por pares; os resultados são específicos de seu desenho.
Fitzpatrick, Kathleen Kara, Alison Darcy, and Molly Vierhile. 2017. “Delivering Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Young Adults with Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Using a Fully Automated Conversational Agent (Woebot): A Randomized Controlled Trial.” JMIR Mental Health 4 (2): e19. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.7785. Ensaio clínico randomizado controlado de um chatbot estruturado, revisado por pares; não se trata de um companheiro generativo de interação aberta.
Hollanek, Tomasz, and Katarzyna Nowaczyk-Basińska. 2024. “Griefbots, Deadbots, Postmortem Avatars: On Responsible Applications of Generative AI in the Digital Afterlife Industry.” Philosophy & Technology 37: 63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00744-w. Análise ética revisada por pares usando design especulativo, não é um estudo de resultados clínicos.
International Energy Agency (IEA). 2025a. Energy and AI. https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai. Relatório institucional.
Shehabi, Arman, Sarah Josephine Smith, Alex Hubbard, Alexander Newkirk, Nuoa Lei, Md AbuBakar Siddik, Billie Holecek, Jonathan G. Koomey, Eric R. Masanet, and Dale A. Sartor. 2024. 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.71468/P1WC7Q. Relatório técnico oficial. DOI 10.71468/P1WC7Q. Links adicionais do recurso: https://eta.lbl.gov/publications/2024-lbnl-data-center-energy-usage-report.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 2019. “Water-Use Terminology.” February 27, 2019. https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/water-use-terminology. Página oficial. Acesso: 2026-07-15. Definições operacionais de captação e uso consuntivo.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 2006a. Environmental Management: Life Cycle Assessment, Principles and Framework. ISO 14040:2006. https://www.iso.org/standard/37456.html. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 2006b. Environmental Management: Life Cycle Assessment, Requirements and Guidelines. ISO 14044:2006. https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html. Edições vigentes confirmadas em 2022. Normas metodológicas.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 2026. Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2026. Relatório oficial.
International Energy Agency (IEA). 2025b. Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-critical-minerals-outlook-2025. Relatório institucional.
Baldé, Cornelis P., Ruediger Kuehr, Tales Yamamoto, Rosie McDonald, Elena D’Angelo, Shahana Althaf, Garam Bel, et al. 2024. The Global E-Waste Monitor 2024. 2nd ed. International Telecommunication Union and United Nations Institute for Training and Research. https://ewastemonitor.info/the-global-e-waste-monitor-2024/. Relatório da ONU. Links adicionais do recurso: https://www.itu.int/hub/publication/d-gen-e_waste-01-2024/.
Starcloud. n.d. “Starcloud-1.” https://www.starcloud.com/starcloud-1. Página corporativa sobre suas próprias atividades; informa que o satélite foi lançado em 2025-11, sem demonstrar escala ou viabilidade comercial. Acesso: 2026-07-17.
Axiom Space. n.d. “Orbital Data Centers.” https://www.axiomspace.com/orbital-data-center. Página corporativa sobre suas próprias atividades; informa que os dois primeiros nós dedicados foram lançados em órbita terrestre baixa em 2026-01-11. Acesso: 2026-07-17.
Beals, Travis. 2025. “Exploring a Space-Based, Scalable AI Infrastructure System Design.” November 4, 2025. Google Research. https://research.google/blog/exploring-a-space-based-scalable-ai-infrastructure-system-design/. Anúncio corporativo do Project Suncatcher; os dois satélites protótipos planejados para o início de 2027 permanecem um projeto anunciado, não um lançamento concluído. Acesso: 2026-07-17.
European Commission, CORDIS. 2026. “Advanced Space Cloud for European Net Zero Emissions and Data Sovereignty (ASCEND), Grant Agreement 101082517: Periodic Reporting.” January 14, 2026. https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101082517/reporting. Ficha e relatório institucionais de viabilidade; não são uma fonte técnica independente. DOI do projeto 10.3030/101082517. Acesso: 2026-07-17. Links adicionais do recurso: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101082517.
Turyshev, Slava G. 2026. Orbital Data Centers: Spacecraft Constraints and Economic Viability. Preprint, arXiv:2604.27197v1, April 29, 2026. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.27197. Preprint técnico independente, arXiv:2604.27197. DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2604.27197. Acesso: 2026-07-17. Links adicionais do recurso: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27197.
Al Ahmad, Mahmoud, Qurban Memon, and Michael Pecht. 2026. “Reliability and Risk in Space-Based Data Centers: A Lifecycle Assessment of Orbital Cloud Infrastructure.” Applied Sciences 16 (11): 5247. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115247. Artigo técnico independente revisado por pares. DOI 10.3390/app16115247. Acesso: 2026-07-17. Links adicionais do recurso: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/16/11/5247.
Wilson, Andrew R., Massimiliano Vasile, Christie Maddock, and Keith Baker. 2023. “Implementing Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment for Improved Space Mission Design.” Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 19 (4): 1002–1022. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4722. Artigo técnico independente revisado por pares. DOI 10.1002/ieam.4722. Acesso: 2026-07-17. Links adicionais do recurso: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ieam.4722.
Murphy, Daniel M., Maya Abou-Ghanem, Daniel J. Cziczo, Karl D. Froyd, Justin Jacquot, Michael J. Lawler, Christopher Maloney, et al. 2023. “Metals from Spacecraft Reentry in Stratospheric Aerosol Particles.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120 (43): e2313374120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2313374120. Artigo científico independente revisado por pares; cópia no repositório institucional da NOAA. DOI 10.1073/pnas.2313374120. Acesso: 2026-07-17. Links adicionais do recurso: https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/58476.
Kenya Ports Authority. n.d. “Port of Mombasa.” https://kpa.co.ke/Ports/PortOfMombasa. Página institucional sobre as conexões multimodais do porto com o interior. Acesso: 2026-07-17.
Northern Corridor Transit and Transport Coordination Authority (NCTTCA). n.d.-b. “Who We Are.” https://www.ttcanc.org/about-us/who-we-are/. Página institucional sobre o Corredor Norte entre o porto de Mombasa e os países sem litoral da região dos Grandes Lagos. Acesso: 2026-07-17.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), CHIPS for America. 2023b. Vision for Success: Facilities for Semiconductor Materials and Manufacturing Equipment. June 23, 2023. https://www.nist.gov/document/vision-success-facilities-semiconductor-materials-and-manufacturing-equipment. Documentação oficial.
U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO). 2022. Semiconductor Supply Chain: Policy Considerations from Selected Experts for Reducing Risks and Mitigating Shortages. July 26, 2022. GAO-22-105923. https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-22-105923. Relatório oficial.
European Commission. n.d.-d. “European Chips Act.” https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/european-chips-act. Página institucional sobre a estrutura vigente; não é um ato legislativo. Acesso: 2026.
European Commission. 2026c. “Proposal for the Chips Act 2.0.” June 3, 2026. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/proposal-chips-act-20. Proposta legislativa, não é uma lei já aprovada.
U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS). 2026c. “Revision to License Review Policy for Advanced Computing Commodities.” Final rule. Federal Register 91 (January 15, 2026): 1684. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/15/2026-00789/revision-to-license-review-policy-for-advanced-computing-commodities. Regra final oficial; a aplicabilidade depende da transação e das EAR vigentes. Acesso: 2026-07-17.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU), in partnership with the International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC). 2026. International Advisory Body on Submarine Cable Resilience: Report of the Working Groups 2026. ISBN 978-92-61-40561-8. https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/opb/iab/S-IAB-WG-2026-PDF-E.pdf. Relatório institucional final. Links adicionais do recurso: https://www.itu.int/hub/publication/s-iab-wg-2026/.
Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). 2025. Cloud Services Market Investigation: Summary of Final Decision. July 31, 2025. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/688b20e6ff8c05468cb7b120/summary_of_final_decision.pdf. Decisão regulatória final sobre o mercado britânico de infraestrutura de nuvem pública.
European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). 2025. ENISA Threat Landscape 2025. Version 1.2, updated January 9, 2026. https://doi.org/10.2824/1946374. Relatório oficial. Links adicionais do recurso: https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/enisa-threat-landscape-2025.
European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). 2026. ENISA’s View on Cybersecurity in the Frontier AI Era. July 7, 2026. https://doi.org/10.2824/9549088. Relatório oficial com recomendações iniciais para capacidades operacionais contra ameaças à velocidade das máquinas; não substitui o Threat Landscape anual. Links adicionais do recurso: https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/enisas-view-on-cybersecurity-in-the-frontier-ai-era.
United Nations General Assembly. 2021. Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security: Note by the Secretary-General. March 18, 2021. A/75/816, Annex I, Final Substantive Report of the Open-ended Working Group. https://docs.un.org/en/A/75/816. Relatório oficial da ONU. Links adicionais do recurso: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3908015.
Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). 2026a. Actions on Cloud and Business Software through the UK Digital Markets Competition Regime. March 31, 2026. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69cbb8d52d120d9d5ec0f311/Actions_on_cloud_and_business_software_through_the_UK_digital_markets_competition_regime.pdf. Documento oficial de política regulatória, distinto da decisão final de 2025 e do início da investigação SMS.
Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). 2026b. Microsoft’s Business Software Ecosystem. May 14, 2026. SMS investigation launch. https://www.gov.uk/cma-cases/microsofts-business-software-ecosystem. Início de investigação regulatória, não é uma designação SMS.
Northern Corridor Transit and Transport Coordination Authority (NCTTCA). n.d.-a. “Port of Mombasa.” https://www.ttcanc.org/corridor-infrastructure/port-of-mombasa/. Contexto geográfico institucional; não é evidência das quantidades do cenário ficcional.
U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS). 2026a. “Extension of Authorized Integrated Circuit (IC) Designer Status and Application Deadline to Become an Approved IC Designer.” Final rule, effective April 7, 2026. Federal Register 91 (April 9, 2026): 17851–17852. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-04-09/html/2026-06851.htm. Regra final; determinados prazos relativos ao status de projetista e às solicitações estão previstos para 2026-12-31.
U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS). 2026b. Guidance Regarding Enforcement of License Requirements for Advanced Computing Items for Entities Headquartered in Country Group D:5 and Macau. May 31, 2026. https://www.bis.gov/media/documents/bis-guidance-may-31-2026.pdf. Orientação oficial de fiscalização que esclarece controles preexistentes; distinta das regras de janeiro e abril.
Chesney, Bobby, and Danielle Citron. 2019. “Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy, and National Security.” California Law Review 107 (6): 1753–1819. https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38RV0D15J. Fonte primária do conceito de “dividendo do mentiroso”.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2024c. Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act). Official Journal of the European Union L, 2024/1689 (July 12, 2024). As amended by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744. CELEX 32024R1689. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R1689. Direito vigente; aplicação progressiva. CELEX 32024R1689; ELI reg/2024/1689/oj. Links adicionais do recurso: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng.
European Commission. n.d.-b. “Article 50: Transparency Obligations for Providers and Deployers of Certain AI Systems.” AI Act Service Desk. Explanatory service reproducing the AI Act; read with Regulation (EU) 2026/1744. https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/article-50. Serviço oficial relativo ao artigo 50 do Regulamento (UE) 2024/1689. Acesso: 2026-07-17.
European Commission. n.d.-c. “Article 53: Obligations for Providers of General-Purpose AI Models.” AI Act Service Desk. Explanatory service reproducing Article 53 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689. https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/article-53. Serviço oficial relativo ao artigo 53 do Regulamento (UE) 2024/1689. Acesso: 2026-07-17.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2016. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of 27 April 2016 on the Protection of Natural Persons with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data, and Repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). Official Journal of the European Union L 119 (May 4, 2016): 1–88. CELEX 32016R0679. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj/eng. Direito vigente. CELEX 32016R0679; ELI reg/2016/679/oj.
Article 29 Data Protection Working Party (Article 29 Working Party). 2018. Guidelines on Automated Individual Decision-Making and Profiling for the Purposes of Regulation 2016/679. WP251 rev.01. Endorsed by the European Data Protection Board on May 25, 2018. https://www.edpb.europa.eu/documents/guideline/automated-decision-making-and-profiling_en. Orientação interpretativa oficial; não é legislação.
Court of Justice of the European Union. 2023. OQ v. Land Hessen (SCHUFA Holding). Case C-634/21, ECLI:EU:C:2023:957, December 7, 2023. CELEX 62021CJ0634. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62021CJ0634. Jurisprudência vinculante na interpretação do direito da UE. ECLI:EU:C:2023:957. Links adicionais do recurso: https://infocuria.curia.europa.eu/tabs/redirect/juris/document/document.jsf?docid=280426&doclang=en.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2024b. Regulation (EU) 2024/1183 of 11 April 2024 amending Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 as regards establishing the European Digital Identity Framework. Official Journal of the European Union L, 2024/1183 (April 30, 2024). CELEX 32024R1183. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32024R1183. Direito vigente. CELEX 32024R1183; ELI reg/2024/1183/oj. Links adicionais do recurso: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1183/oj/eng.
European Commission. 2026b. The European Digital Identity Wallet Architecture and Reference Framework. Version 3.0.0. Technical specification and release notes, July 23, 2026. EU Digital Identity Wallet official repository. Version 3.0.0 superseded version 2.9.0 of May 21, 2026. https://github.com/eu-digital-identity-wallet/eudi-doc-architecture-and-reference-framework/releases/tag/v3.0.0. Especificação técnica e notas da versão, que substituem a versão 2.9.0 de 2026-05-21.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2022. Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of 19 October 2022 on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act). Official Journal of the European Union L 277 (October 27, 2022): 1–102. CELEX 32022R2065. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2065. Direito vigente. CELEX 32022R2065; ELI reg/2022/2065/oj. Links adicionais do recurso: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng.
European Commission. n.d.-a. “Article 5: Prohibited AI Practices.” AI Act Service Desk. Explanatory service reproducing the AI Act; read with Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 and its phased application dates. https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/article-5. Serviço oficial relativo ao artigo 5 do Regulamento (UE) 2024/1689. Acesso: 2026-07-14.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2024a. Directive (EU) 2024/2831 of 23 October 2024 on improving working conditions in platform work. Official Journal of the European Union L, 2024/2831 (November 11, 2024). Article 29(1) sets a December 2, 2026 transposition deadline. CELEX 32024L2831. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024L2831. Direito da UE que exige transposição; âmbito setorial. CELEX 32024L2831; ELI dir/2024/2831/oj. Links adicionais do recurso: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2831/oj/eng.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2019. Directive (EU) 2019/790 of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market. Official Journal of the European Union L 130 (May 17, 2019): 92–125. CELEX 32019L0790. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/790/oj/eng. Direito da UE transposto com diferenças nacionais. CELEX 32019L0790; ELI dir/2019/790/oj.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2017a. Regulation (EU) 2017/745 of 5 April 2017 on medical devices. Official Journal of the European Union L 117 (May 5, 2017): 1–175. As amended. CELEX 32017R0745. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/745/oj. Direito vigente. CELEX 32017R0745; ELI reg/2017/745/oj. Links adicionais do recurso: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/745/oj/eng.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2017b. Regulation (EU) 2017/746 of 5 April 2017 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices. Official Journal of the European Union L 117 (May 5, 2017): 176–332. As amended. CELEX 32017R0746. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32017R0746. Direito vigente. CELEX 32017R0746; ELI reg/2017/746/oj. Links adicionais do recurso: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/746/oj/eng.
European Data Protection Board (EDPB). 2023. Guidelines 05/2022 on the Use of Facial Recognition Technology in the Area of Law Enforcement. Version 2.0, April 26, 2023. https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2023-05/edpb_guidelines_202304_frtlawenforcement_v2_en.pdf. Orientação interpretativa oficial, não é legislação.
Garante per la protezione dei dati personali (Garante). n.d. “Eredità digitale [Digital inheritance].” Institutional guidance reproducing Article 2-terdecies of Legislative Decree No. 196/2003, paragraphs 1–5. https://www.garanteprivacy.it/temi/internet-e-nuove-tecnologie/eredita-digitale. Orientação institucional; base jurídica: Decreto Legislativo 196/2003, artigo 2-terdecies. Acesso: 2026-07-14.
European Commission. 2026a. Code of Practice on Transparency of AI-Generated Content. Final code published June 10, 2026; Commission Opinion dated July 8, 2026; AI Board adequacy assessment dated July 9, 2026. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-opinion-assessment-code-practice-transparency-ai-generated-content; https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-publishes-code-practice-marking-and-labelling-ai-generated-content. Instrumento voluntário para implementar o artigo 50 do AI Act; a adesão não constitui evidência conclusiva de conformidade.
European Commission. 2025. “General-Purpose AI Code of Practice Now Available.” July 10, 2025. Publication announcement for the final voluntary code supporting compliance with the AI Act. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/general-purpose-ai-code-practice-now-available. Instrumento voluntário de apoio à conformidade; as obrigações GPAI aplicam-se desde 2025-08-02, com os poderes de fiscalização da Comissão previstos para se aplicar a partir de 2026-08-02 e a conformidade dos modelos GPAI preexistentes prevista até 2027-08-02. Acesso: 2026-07-17.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 2026. Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 of 8 July 2026 amending Regulations (EU) 2024/1689, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2023/1230 as regards the simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI). Official Journal of the European Union L, 2026/1744 (July 24, 2026). Entered into force July 27, 2026. CELEX 32026R1744. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32026R1744. Direito vigente desde 2026-07-27; as disposições individuais têm aplicação progressiva.
European Commission. 2026. “European Digital Identity Wallet Implementation.” Updated June 22, 2026. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/eudi-wallet-implementation. Contexto institucional de implementação; conservado separadamente da especificação técnica versão 3.0.0. Acesso: 2026-07-17.
Government of Canada. 2019. Directive on Automated Decision-Making. As amended. https://www.tbs-sct.canada.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=32592. Diretriz de política governamental; inclui a Avaliação de Impacto Algorítmico.