検索可能な文献資料一覧

A. M. Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Oxford University Press / Mind. 1950. 一次資料。https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433.

John McCarthy, Marvin L. Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, Claude E. Shannon, A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence. Dartmouth College archive. 1955. 一次資料／公式アーカイブ。https://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/dartmouth/dartmouth.pdf.

Frank Rosenblatt, The Perceptron: A Probabilistic Model for Information Storage and Organization in the Brain. Psychological Review. 1958. 一次資料。https://doi.org/10.1037/h0042519.

Marvin Minsky、Seymour Papert, Perceptrons: An Introduction to Computational Geometry. MIT Press, 1969；増補版、1987。一次資料。出版社のページは増補版を案内しています。https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262631112/perceptrons/.

David E. Rumelhart, Geoffrey E. Hinton, Ronald J. Williams, Learning representations by back-propagating errors. Nature. 1986. 一次資料。https://doi.org/10.1038/323533a0.

IBM, Deep Blue. 1997. 企業の公式アーカイブ。参照年：2026。https://www.ibm.com/history/deep-blue.

Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever, Geoffrey E. Hinton, ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. NeurIPS. 2012. 一次資料。https://papers.nips.cc/paper/4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks.

Ashish Vaswani et al., Attention Is All You Need. NeurIPS / arXiv. 2017. 一次資料。https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762.

Joseph Weizenbaum, ELIZA—A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine. Communications of the ACM. 1966. 一次資料。https://doi.org/10.1145/365153.365168.

OpenAI, Introducing ChatGPT. 2022-11-30. 企業による公式発表。https://openai.com/index/chatgpt/.

DARPA, ARPANET. 1969. 公式機関アーカイブ。参照年：2026。https://www.darpa.mil/news/features/arpanet.

Internet Society, New Year's Day Marks 30th Anniversary of Major Milestone for Global Internet. 2013-01-01. 機関資料。https://www.internetsociety.org/news/press-releases/2013/new-years-day-marks-30th-anniversary-of-major-milestone-for-global-internet/.

CERN, A short history of the Web. 公式機関アーカイブ。参照年：2026。https://home.cern/science/computing/the-birth-of-the-web/short-history-web/.

CERN, The open internet and the web. 2013-04-30. 公式資料。https://home.cern/open-internet-and-web/.

W3C Verifiable Credentials Working Group, Verifiable Credentials Data Model v2.0. 2025-05-15. W3C Recommendation. https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-model-2.0/.

W3C Verifiable Credentials Working Group, Verifiable Credential Data Integrity 1.0. 2025-05-15. W3C Recommendation. https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-integrity/.

W3C Verifiable Credentials Working Group, Securing Verifiable Credentials using JOSE and COSE. 2025-05-15. W3C Recommendation. https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-jose-cose/.

OpenID Foundation, OpenID for Verifiable Credential Issuance 1.0. 2025-09-16. Final Specification. https://openid.net/specs/openid-4-verifiable-credential-issuance-1_0.html.

OpenID Foundation, OpenID for Verifiable Presentations 1.0. 2025-07-09. Final Specification. https://openid.net/specs/openid-4-verifiable-presentations-1_0.html.

National Institute of Standards and Technology, Digital Identity Guidelines, NIST SP 800-63-4. 2025-07-31. 最終技術標準。https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-63-4.

Dylan Yaga et al., Blockchain Technology Overview, NISTIR 8202. 2018-10-03. 公式技術報告書。https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8202.

World Health Organization, Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health. 2021-06-28. 機関ガイドライン。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240029200.

World Health Organization, Regulatory considerations on artificial intelligence for health. 2023-10-19. 規制上の検討事項をまとめた機関文書であり、規制そのものではありません。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240078871.

World Health Organization, Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: Guidance on large multi-modal models. WHOの版および書誌情報：2024；現在の機関ページの日付：2025-03-25。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240084759; https://www.who.int/publications/b/70584.

WHO Regional Office for Europe, Artificial intelligence is reshaping health systems: state of readiness across the European Union. 2026-04-20. EU加盟27か国の保健医療制度の準備状況を扱う機関報告書であり、臨床的有効性を示す根拠ではありません。WHO/EURO:2026-12707-52481-81471. https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2026-12707-52481-81471.

World Health Organization, Artificial intelligence and evidence-informed policy: emerging challenges and opportunities: discussion paper. 2026-04-25. 監督、影響評価、人間の判断の必要性を示す機関技術文書。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/B09667.

Medical Device Coordination Group, MDCG 2019-11 rev.1, Guidance on Qualification and Classification of Software in Regulation (EU) 2017/745 — MDR and Regulation (EU) 2017/746 — IVDR. 2025-06-17. 欧州委員会の公式ガイダンスであり、法令ではありません。https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/b45335c5-1679-4c71-a91c-fc7a4d37f12b_en.

Artificial Intelligence Board / Medical Device Coordination Group, AIB 2025-1 — MDCG 2025-6, Interplay between the Medical Devices Regulation, the In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation and the Artificial Intelligence Act. 2025. 共同の公式ガイダンスであり、法令ではありません。https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/b78a17d7-e3cd-4943-851d-e02a2f22bbb4_en.

World Health Organization, Mental health of adolescents. 更新日：2025-09-01。機関ファクトシート。https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health.

World Health Organization, From loneliness to social connection: charting a path to healthier societies — Report of the WHO Commission on Social Connection. 2025-06-30. 機関報告書。https://www.who.int/groups/commission-on-social-connection/report.

UNICEF Innocenti, Guidance on AI and Children, Version 3.0. 2025-12. 子どもの権利に基づく機関ガイドライン。https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/reports/policy-guidance-ai-children.

UNICEF, When AI becomes a friend: Child rights risks, harms, and regulatory responses to AI chatbots and companions. 2026-06. ポリシーブリーフ。2026-05-15時点の規制状況を概観したものであり、臨床的な根拠ではありません。https://www.unicef.org/documents/when-ai-becomes-friend-child-rights-risks.

U.S. Federal Trade Commission, FTC Launches Inquiry into AI Chatbots Acting as Companions. 2025-09-11. 規制当局による調査開始であり、臨床上の結果ではありません。https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/09/ftc-launches-inquiry-ai-chatbots-acting-companions.

UNESCO, Guidance for generative AI in education and research. 2023-09-07、ページ更新日：2026-01-16。機関ガイドライン。https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research.

Paweł Gmyrek et al., Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure. ILO Working Paper 140. 2025-05-20. 機関による調査報告書。https://doi.org/10.54394/HETP0387.

Carl Öhman, Luciano Floridi, An ethical framework for the digital afterlife industry. Nature Human Behaviour, 2, 318–320. 2018-04-09. 学術論文。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0335-2.

UN Trade and Development, Technology and Innovation Report 2025: Inclusive artificial intelligence for development. 2025-04-07. 国連報告書。https://unctad.org/publication/technology-and-innovation-report-2025.

International Energy Agency (IEA), Energy and AI. 2025-04-10. 機関報告書。https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai.

Arman Shehabi et al., 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory / U.S. Department of Energy, 2024-12-19. 公式技術報告書。DOI 10.71468/P1WC7Q. https://eta.lbl.gov/publications/2024-lbnl-data-center-energy-usage-report.

U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Use Terminology. 公式ページ。参照日：2026-07-15。取水量（withdrawal）と水消費量（consumptive use）の定義。https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/water-use-terminology.

International Organization for Standardization, ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework; ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines. 現行版であることを2022年に確認。方法論的標準。https://www.iso.org/standard/37456.html; https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html.

U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. Version 1.3、2026年五月。公式報告書。https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2026.

International Energy Agency (IEA), Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025. 2025. 機関報告書。https://www.iea.org/reports/global-critical-minerals-outlook-2025.

UNITAR SCYCLE、International Telecommunication Union, Global E-waste Monitor 2024. 2024-03-20. 国連報告書。https://www.itu.int/hub/publication/d-gen-e_waste-01-2024/.

Starcloud, Starcloud-1. 自社の活動に関する企業ページ。2025年十一月に衛星を打ち上げたと記載していますが、規模や商業的実現可能性を立証するものではありません。参照日：2026-07-17。https://www.starcloud.com/starcloud-1.

Axiom Space, Orbital Data Centers. 自社の活動に関する企業ページ。2026年一月11日に専用ノード二基を地球低軌道へ打ち上げたと記載しています。参照日：2026-07-17。https://www.axiomspace.com/orbital-data-center.

Google Research, Exploring a space-based, scalable AI infrastructure system design. 2025-11-04. Project Suncatcherに関する企業発表。2027年初頭に予定されている二基の試作衛星は、発表済みの計画であり、実施済みの打ち上げではありません。参照日：2026-07-17。https://research.google/blog/exploring-a-space-based-scalable-ai-infrastructure-system-design/.

Commissione europea, CORDIS, Advanced Space Cloud for European Net zero emissions and Data sovereignty (ASCEND), grant agreement 101082517: Fact Sheet e Periodic Reporting. プロジェクト期間：2023-01-01–2024-04-30；報告書更新日：2026-01-14。機関による実現可能性のファクトシートおよび報告書であり、独立した技術資料ではありません。プロジェクトDOI 10.3030/101082517。参照日：2026-07-17。https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101082517; https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101082517/reporting.

Slava G. Turyshev, Orbital Data Centers: Spacecraft Constraints and Economic Viability. 2026-04-29. 独立した技術プレプリント、arXiv:2604.27197。DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2604.27197。参照日：2026-07-17。https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27197; https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.27197.

Mahmoud Al Ahmad, Qurban Memon、Michael Pecht, Reliability and Risk in Space-Based Data Centers: A Lifecycle Assessment of Orbital Cloud Infrastructure. Applied Sciences, 16(11), 5247. 2026-05-23. 独立した査読付き技術論文。DOI 10.3390/app16115247。参照日：2026-07-17。https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/16/11/5247; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115247.

Andrew R. Wilson, Massimiliano Vasile, Christie Maddock、Keith Baker, Implementing life cycle sustainability assessment for improved space mission design. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 19, 1002–1022, 2023. 独立した査読付き技術論文。DOI 10.1002/ieam.4722。参照日：2026-07-17。https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ieam.4722; https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4722.

Daniel M. Murphy et al., Metals from spacecraft reentry in stratospheric aerosol particles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(43), 2023. 独立した査読付き学術論文。写しがNOAAの機関リポジトリにも収録されています。DOI 10.1073/pnas.2313374120。参照日：2026-07-17。https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/58476; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2313374120.

Kenya Ports Authority, Port of Mombasa. 港と後背地を結ぶ複合一貫輸送に関する機関ページ。参照日：2026-07-17。https://kpa.co.ke/Ports/PortOfMombasa.

Northern Corridor Transit and Transport Coordination Authority, Who We Are. モンバサ港とアフリカ大湖沼地域の、海への出口をもたない国々を結ぶ北部回廊に関する機関ページ。参照日：2026-07-17。https://www.ttcanc.org/node/70.

NIST, Vision for Success: Facilities for Semiconductor Materials and Manufacturing Equipment. NIST / CHIPS for America. 2023-06-22. 公式文書。https://www.nist.gov/chips/vision-success-facilities-semiconductor-materials-and-manufacturing-equipment.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, Semiconductor Supply Chain: Policy Considerations from Selected Experts for Reducing Risks and Mitigating Shortages. 2022-07-26. 公式報告書。https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-22-105923.

Commissione europea, European Chips Act. 現行の枠組みに関する機関ページであり、法令そのものではありません。参照年：2026。https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/european-chips-act.

Commissione europea, Proposal for the Chips Act 2.0. 2026-06-03. 立法提案であり、現行法ではありません。https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/proposal-chips-act-20.

U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security, Revision to License Review Policy for Advanced Computing Commodities. 91 FR 1684、15 CFR parts 742, 744、748の最終規則。2026-01-15に公表・発効；Extension of Authorized Integrated Circuit Designer Status, 91 FR 17851は2026-04-09に公表され、2026-04-07に発効；Guidance on Advanced Computing Itemsは2026-05のFAQ。公式の法令およびガイダンス。適用については、現行のEARと具体的な取引に照らして確認する必要があります。参照日：2026-07-17。https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/15/2026-00789/revision-to-license-review-policy-for-advanced-computing-commodities; https://www.bis.gov/regulations/federal-register-notices; https://www.bis.gov/regulations/ear/744; https://www.bis.gov/regulations/ear/748.

International Telecommunication Union、International Cable Protection Committee, International Advisory Body on Submarine Cable Resilience — Report of the Working Groups 2026. 承認日：2026-07-10。最終機関報告書。https://www.itu.int/hub/publication/s-iab-wg-2026/.

UK Competition and Markets Authority, Cloud services market investigation — final decision. 2025-07-31. 英国の公共クラウドインフラ市場に関する最終規制決定。更新資料：Actions on cloud and business software through the UK digital markets competition regime, 2026-03-31、およびMicrosoftのソフトウェア・エコシステムに対するSMS調査の開始、2026-05-14。https://www.gov.uk/cma-cases/cloud-services-market-investigation; https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/business-software-and-cloud-services.

ENISA, ENISA Threat Landscape 2025. 2025-10-01. 公式報告書。https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/enisa-threat-landscape-2025.

ENISA, ENISA’s view on Cybersecurity in the Frontier AI Era. 2026-07-07. 機械並みの速度で展開する脅威に対する運用能力について初期的な勧告を示す公式報告書であり、年次Threat Landscapeに代わるものではありません。https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/enisas-view-on-cybersecurity-in-the-frontier-ai-era.

Nazioni Unite, Final substantive report of the Open-ended Working Group on developments in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security, A/75/816. 2021-03-18. 国連の公式報告書。https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3908015.

Robert Chesney、Danielle Keats Citron, Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy, and National Security. California Law Review, vol. 107, 2019, pp. 1753–1819. 「liar’s dividend」概念の原典。DOI 10.15779/Z38RV0D15J. https://www.californialawreview.org/print/deep-fakes-a-looming-challenge-for-privacy-democracy-and-national-security.

Parlamento europeo e Consiglio, Regolamento (UE) 2024/1689 (AI Act). 2024-06-13. 現行法。段階的に適用されます。CELEX 32024R1689; ELI reg/2024/1689/oj. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng.

Commissione europea — AI Act Service Desk, AI Act — Article 50: Transparency obligations for providers and deployers of certain AI systems. Regolamento (UE) 2024/1689第50条に関する公式サービス。参照日：2026-07-17。https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/article-50.

Commissione europea — AI Act Service Desk, AI Act — Article 53: Obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models. Regolamento (UE) 2024/1689第53条に関する公式サービス。参照日：2026-07-17。https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/article-53.

Parlamento europeo e Consiglio, Regolamento (UE) 2016/679 (GDPR). 2016-04-27. 現行法。CELEX 32016R0679; ELI reg/2016/679/oj. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj/eng.

Article 29 Data Protection Working Party, Guidelines on Automated individual decision-making and Profiling for the purposes of Regulation 2016/679, WP251 rev.01. 2018-05-25にEuropean Data Protection Boardが承認。公式の解釈ガイドラインであり、法令ではありません。https://www.edpb.europa.eu/documents/guideline/automated-decision-making-and-profiling_en.

Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea, SCHUFA Holding (Scoring), C-634/21. 2023-12-07. EU法の解釈において拘束力をもつ判例。ECLI:EU:C:2023:957. https://infocuria.curia.europa.eu/tabs/redirect/juris/document/document.jsf?docid=280426&doclang=en.

Parlamento europeo e Consiglio, Regolamento (UE) 2024/1183 che istituisce il quadro europeo relativo a un’identità digitale. 2024-04-11. 現行法。CELEX 32024R1183; ELI reg/2024/1183/oj. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1183/oj/eng.

Commissione europea, European Digital Identity Wallet implementation. ページ更新日：2026-06-22。枠組みでは、加盟国のウォレットを2026年末までに提供することが予定されています。Architecture and Reference Frameworkの公式リポジトリでは、2026-05-21付のv2.9.0が現行リリースとされています。機関ページおよび技術仕様。参照日：2026-07-17。https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/eudi-wallet-implementation; https://github.com/eu-digital-identity-wallet/eudi-doc-architecture-and-reference-framework/releases/tag/v2.9.0.

Parlamento europeo e Consiglio, Regolamento (UE) 2022/2065 sui servizi digitali (DSA). 2022-10-19. 現行法。CELEX 32022R2065; ELI reg/2022/2065/oj. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng.

Commissione europea — AI Act Service Desk, AI Act — Article 5: Prohibited AI practices. Regolamento (UE) 2024/1689第5条に関する公式サービス。参照日：2026-07-14。https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/article-5.

Parlamento europeo e Consiglio, Direttiva (UE) 2024/2831 relativa al miglioramento delle condizioni di lavoro nel lavoro mediante piattaforme digitali. 2024-10-23. 国内法化を要するEU法で、適用分野は限定されています。CELEX 32024L2831; ELI dir/2024/2831/oj. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2831/oj/eng.

Parlamento europeo e Consiglio, Direttiva (UE) 2019/790 sul diritto d’autore nel mercato unico digitale. 2019-04-17. 国ごとの差異を伴って国内法化されたEU法。CELEX 32019L0790; ELI dir/2019/790/oj. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/790/oj/eng.

Commissione europea, Code of Practice on Transparency of AI-Generated Content. 最終版の公表日：2026-06-10；適切性に関するCommission Opinionは2026年七月8日、AI Boardの評価は2026年七月9日。AI Act第50条の実施を支援する任意の手段であり、参加しても順守の決定的な証明にはなりません。https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-publishes-code-practice-marking-and-labelling-ai-generated-content; https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-opinion-assessment-code-practice-transparency-ai-generated-content.

Commissione europea, General-Purpose AI Code of Practice. 最終版の公表日：2025-07-10。適合を支援する任意の仕組み。GPAIに関する義務は2025-08-02から適用され、AI Officeによる執行は新規モデルについて2026-08-02から、既存モデルについて2027-08-02から始まります。参照日：2026-07-17。https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/general-purpose-ai-code-practice-now-available.

Parlamento europeo e Consiglio, Regolamento (UE) 2017/745 relativo ai dispositivi medici. 2017-04-05. 現行法。CELEX 32017R0745; ELI reg/2017/745/oj. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/745/oj/eng.

Parlamento europeo e Consiglio, Regolamento (UE) 2017/746 relativo ai dispositivi medico-diagnostici in vitro. 2017-04-05. 現行法。CELEX 32017R0746; ELI reg/2017/746/oj. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/746/oj/eng.

European Data Protection Board, Guidelines 05/2022 on the use of facial recognition technology in the area of law enforcement. 最終版2.0、2023-05-17。公式の解釈ガイドラインであり、法律ではありません。https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2023-05/edpb_guidelines_202304_frtlawenforcement_v2_en.pdf.

Garante per la protezione dei dati personali, Eredità digitale e art. 2-terdecies del Codice privacy. 機関ガイドライン。法的根拠：d.lgs. 196/2003, art. 2-terdecies。参照日：2026-07-14。https://www.garanteprivacy.it/temi/internet-e-nuove-tecnologie/eredita-digitale.